[ZK] Noir 나이검증회로

무앙·2025년 7월 21일

ZK

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2/5

이 글에서는 Noir 언어로 작성된 ZK 나이 인증 회로를 통해, 사용자가 자신의 나이를 공개하지 않고도 특정 나이 이상임을 증명하는 방법을 설명합니다.

개요

ZK 증명 시스템에서는 민감한 정보를 드러내지 않고 조건만 만족하는지를 증명할 수 있습니다.
여기서는 사용자의 age와 nonce를 입력받아 커밋먼트(commitment)를 생성한 후,
해당 커밋먼트와 공개 최소 나이(min_age)로 조건을 만족하는지 검증합니다.

1. Noir 프로젝트 생성

nargo new age_prove

2. 회로 작성 - src/main.nr

use std::hash::poseidon2::Poseidon2::hash;

fn main(age: Field, nonce: Field, commitment: pub Field, min_age: pub Field) {
    assert(age as u32 >= min_age as u32, "too young");
    let computedCommitment: Field = compute_commitment(age, nonce);
    assert(computedCommitment == commitment, "commitment not matched");
}

fn compute_commitment(age: Field, nonce: Field) -> Field {
    let inputs: [Field; 2] = [age, nonce];
    let commitment: Field = hash(inputs, 2);
    commitment
}

#[test]
fn test_compute_commitment() {
    let age: Field = 23;
    let nonce: Field = 12;

    let commitment: Field = compute_commitment(age, nonce);
    println(commitment);
}

3. 커밋먼트 계산 (테스트 기반)

Python에서 포세이돈 해시 라이브러리를 이용하여 커밋먼트 계산을 시도했으나, 실패하여 아래 글을 참조하여 회로 내 test 함수에서 commitment를 계산합니다
dokpark21-age_verification

nargo test --show-output

출력된 값 예시:

[age_prove] Running 1 test function
[age_prove] Testing test_compute_commitment ... ok
--- test_compute_commitment stdout ---
0x0922410e18fb7adba46996575f7f049b19c3cd042f28a35f1757fbdedb584759

이 값을 .toml에 넣어 사용합니다.

4. Prover.toml 생성 및 파라미터 설정

다음 명령어로 Prover.toml을 생성합니다:

nargo check

생성된 파일 예시:

age = ""
commitment = ""
min_age = ""
nonce = ""

여기에 값을 채워줍니다:

age = "23"
nonce = "12"
min_age = "20"
commitment = "2773162440671216239964217308338671978964196128669216495597811269554466628943"

5. 증명 생성 및 검증

증명 생성

bb prove -b ./target/age_prove.json -w ./target/age_prove.gz -o ./target

검증키 생성

bb write_vk -b ./target/age_prove.json -o ./target

증명 검증

bb verify -k ./target/vk -p ./target/proof -i ./target/public_inputs

솔리디티에서 검증하기

1. Verification Key 생성

Solidity에서 사용하기 위해선 keccak 해시 방식으로 vk를 생성해야 합니다.

bb write_vk \\
  -b ./target/age_prove.json \\
  -o ./target \\
  --oracle_hash keccak
  • --oracle_hash keccak을 반드시 지정해야 Solidity와 호환되는 proof가 생성됩니다.

2. Solidity Verifier 생성

bb write_solidity_verifier \\
  -k ./target/vk \\
  -o ./Verifier.sol
  • 이 명령으로 Verifier.sol 파일이 생성됩니다.
  • 주요 배포 대상은 이 안의 HonkVerifier 컨트랙트입니다.

3. Remix IDE에서의 Verifier 배포 및 테스트

배포

  1. 앞서 생성한 Verifier.sol 코드를 붙여넣습니다.
  2. 컴파일 탭에 들어가 Enable Optimization을 체크한 뒤 컴파일합니다.
  3. 배포 탭에 들어가 HonkVerifier를 Deploy합니다

테스트

테스트 단계에서는 증명을 keccak 해시방식으로 생성한 뒤, 파라미터로 사용할 수 있도록 변환하는 과정이 필요합니다.

  1. 증명을 keccak 해시방식으로 생성합니다.
nargo execute age_prove

bb prove \\
  -b ./target/age_prove.json \\
  -w ./target/age_prove.gz \\
  -o ./target \\
  --oracle_hash keccak \\
  --output_format bytes_and_fields
  1. 증명을 파라미터로 사용할 수 있도록 변환합니다.
echo -n "0x"; cat ./target/proof | od -An -v -t x1 | tr -d $' \n'
  1. 배포된 Verifier 컨트랙트의 함수를 호출합니다.
function verify(bytes calldata _proof, bytes32[] calldata _publicInputs) external view returns (bool)

위 함수에 Prover.toml에서 사용했던 public input값과 앞서 변환한 증명값을 파라미터로 사용하면 됩니다..

proof : 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PublicInputs : ["0x2905b6b221ce19062cf1c9b7b72734578511a74a03501876cd73b09e5be2cfb7","0x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000b"]

위 값을 테스트에 사용하였습니다. PublicInputs에 들어갈 값은 commitment와 min_age입니다.

관련오류

  • SumcheckFailed : Public input이 올바르지 않을 때 발생합니다.

온체인 테스트

  • Foundry를 이용해 이더리움, 카이아, Zk-Sync에서 배포를 시도해보았지만, 코드사이즈 이슈로 배포에 실패했습니다.
  • 아비트럼도 지원된다고 하니 추후에 재시도해볼것 같습니다.
    지원목록

아비트럼 (2025.07.29)

Contract addr : 0xF202A051619c2608B9B47405E399C0E03a9e4150
Arbiscan

아비트럼 체인에서의 배포 및 테스트 성공하였습니다.

  • 코드 최적화 값을 1로 설정했습니다. (200은 실패)
profile
무앙
이전 포스트

[ZK] Noir 이용해보기

다음 포스트

[ZK] Reed-Solomon

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