[Python] 날씨 API 사용하기 무료(Free)

1. 공공데이터 포털

기상청단기예보 ((구)동네예보) 조회서비스
https://www.data.go.kr/data/15084084/openapi.do

import requests
from datetime import datetime
import xmltodict

def get_current_date():
    current_date = datetime.now().date()
    return current_date.strftime("%Y%m%d")

def get_current_hour():
    now = datetime.now()
    return datetime.now().strftime("%H%M")

int_to_weather = {
    "0": "맑음",
    "1": "비",
    "2": "비/눈",
    "3": "눈",
    "5": "빗방울",
    "6": "빗방울눈날림",
    "7": "눈날림"
}

def forecast(params):
    url = 'http://apis.data.go.kr/1360000/VilageFcstInfoService_2.0/getUltraSrtNcst' # 초단기예보
    # 값 요청 (웹 브라우저 서버에서 요청 - url주소와 파라미터)
    res = requests.get(url, params)

    #XML -> 딕셔너리
    xml_data = res.text
    dict_data = xmltodict.parse(xml_data)

    for item in dict_data['response']['body']['items']['item']:
        if item['category'] == 'T1H':
            temp = item['obsrValue']
        # 강수형태: 없음(0), 비(1), 비/눈(2), 눈(3), 빗방울(5), 빗방울눈날림(6), 눈날림(7)
        if item['category'] == 'PTY':
            sky = item['obsrValue']
            
    sky = int_to_weather[sky]
    
    return temp, sky

API키 발급 방법

공공데이터 포털 회원가입 -> 활용 신청 -> API키 발급 -> 복사

실행

keys = '발급 받은 Key'

params ={'serviceKey' : keys, 
         'pageNo' : '1', 
         'numOfRows' : '10', 
         'dataType' : 'XML', 
         'base_date' : get_current_date(), 
         'base_time' : get_current_hour(), 
         'nx' : '55', 
         'ny' : '127' }

forecast(params)

2. openweathermap

https://openweathermap.org/

API키 발급 방법

회원가입 -> 서비스 신청 Current weather and forecast -> API 키 발급
*회원가입만 하면 임의로 API키가 발급됨

무료 플랜 사용

사용

import requests
import json

city = "Seoul" #도시
apiKey = "발급받은Key"
lang = 'kr' #언어
units = 'metric' #화씨 온도를 섭씨 온도로 변경
api = f"https://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather?q={city}&APPID={apiKey}&lang={lang}&units={units}"

result = requests.get(api)
result = json.loads(result.text)

print(result['main']['temp'])
print(result['weather'][0]['description'])

# -11.04
# 맑음

추가 : 비동기 코드

import aiohttp
import asyncio
import json

async def fetch_weather(session, city, api_key, lang, units):
    api_url = f"https://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather?q={city}&APPID={api_key}&lang={lang}&units={units}"
    
    async with session.get(api_url) as response:
        return await response.text()

def convert_temperature(temp_celsius):
    if temp_celsius < 0:
        return f"영하 -{int(abs(temp_celsius))}(C)"
    else:
        return f"{temp_celsius}(C)"

async def forecast():
    city = "Seoul"
    api_key = "발급받은Key"
    lang = 'kr'
    units = 'metric'
    
    async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
        response_text = await fetch_weather(session, city, api_key, lang, units)
        result = json.loads(response_text)

    sky = result['weather'][0]['description']
    temp = convert_temperature(result['main']['temp'])
    return sky, temp
    

현재 2023-12-22 : 오후 12:02 시간 기준 서울 날씨

FastAPI router example

import json
import aiohttp

from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends
from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse

from app.config import settings, paths

router = APIRouter(
    prefix="/weather",
    tags=["weather"],
    responses={404: {"description": "Not found"}},
)


async def fetch_weather(session, city, api_key, lang, units):
    api_url = (
        f"https://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather?"
        f"q={city}&"
        f"APPID={api_key}&"
        f"lang={lang}&"
        f"units={units}"
    )

    async with session.get(api_url) as response:
        return await response.text()


async def forecast():
    def convert_temperature(temp_celsius):
        if temp_celsius < 0:
            return f"영하 -{int(abs(temp_celsius))}(C)"
        else:
            return f"{temp_celsius}(C)"

    city = "Seoul"
    api_key = settings.WEATHER_API_KEY
    lang = "kr"
    units = "metric"

    async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
        response_text = await fetch_weather(session, city, api_key, lang, units)
        result = json.loads(response_text)

    sky = result["weather"][0]["description"]
    temp = convert_temperature(result["main"]["temp"])
    return sky, temp


async def save_curr_weather():
    sky, temp = await forecast()
    with open(f"{paths.LOGS_DIR}/weather.txt", "w", encoding="utf-8") as file:
        file.write(f"{sky}\n{temp}")


@router.post("/current")
async def forecast_endpoint(weather=Depends(forecast)):
    return JSONResponse(content={"weather": weather})

참고

https://iridescent-zeal.tistory.com/177
https://dalseobi.tistory.com/130