Spring DB 접근 기술(H2 데이터베이스 사용)
- 순수 Jdbc
- 스프링 통합 테스트
- 스프링 JdbcTemplate
- JPA
- 스프링 JPA
1.순수 Jdbc
java/hello/spring/repository/JdbcMemberRepository.java
회원정보 저장, 아이디로 찾기, 이름으로 찾기, 모든 리스트 확인
public class JdbcMemberRepository implements MemberRepository {
private final DataSource dataSource;
public JdbcMemberRepository(DataSource dataSource) {
this.dataSource = dataSource;
}
@Override
public Member save(Member member) {
String sql = "insert into member(name) values(?)";
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement pstmt = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
conn = getConnection();
pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql, Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS);
pstmt.setString(1, member.getName());
pstmt.executeUpdate();
rs = pstmt.getGeneratedKeys();
if (rs.next()) {
member.setId(rs.getLong(1));
} else {
throw new SQLException("id 조회 실패");
}
return member;
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new IllegalStateException(e);
} finally {
close(conn, pstmt, rs);
}
}
@Override
public Optional<Member> findById(Long id) {
String sql = "select * from member where id = ?";
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement pstmt = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
conn = getConnection();
pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
pstmt.setLong(1, id);
rs = pstmt.executeQuery();
if(rs.next()) {
Member member = new Member();
member.setId(rs.getLong("id"));
member.setName(rs.getString("name"));
return Optional.of(member);
} else {
return Optional.empty();
}
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new IllegalStateException(e);
} finally {
close(conn, pstmt, rs);
}
}
@Override
public List<Member> findAll() {
String sql = "select * from member";
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement pstmt = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
conn = getConnection();
pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
rs = pstmt.executeQuery();
List<Member> members = new ArrayList<>();
while(rs.next()) {
Member member = new Member();
member.setId(rs.getLong("id"));
member.setName(rs.getString("name"));
members.add(member);
}
return members;
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new IllegalStateException(e);
} finally {
close(conn, pstmt, rs);
}
}
@Override
public Optional<Member> findByName(String name) {
String sql = "select * from member where name = ?";
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement pstmt = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
conn = getConnection();
pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
pstmt.setString(1, name);
rs = pstmt.executeQuery();
if(rs.next()) {
Member member = new Member();
member.setId(rs.getLong("id"));
member.setName(rs.getString("name"));
return Optional.of(member);
}
return Optional.empty();
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new IllegalStateException(e);
} finally {
close(conn, pstmt, rs);
}
}
private Connection getConnection() {
return DataSourceUtils.getConnection(dataSource);
}
private void close(Connection conn, PreparedStatement pstmt, ResultSet rs)
{
try {
if (rs != null) {
rs.close();
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
if (pstmt != null) {
pstmt.close();
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
if (conn != null) {
close(conn);
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
private void close(Connection conn) throws SQLException {
DataSourceUtils.releaseConnection(conn, dataSource);
}
}스프링 설정 변경
java/hello/SpringConfig.java
@Configuration
public class SpringConfig {
private DataSource dataSource;
public SpringConfig(DataSource dataSource) {
this.dataSource = dataSource;
}
@Bean
public MemberService memberService() {
return new MemberService(memberRepository());
}
@Bean
public MemberRepository memberRepository() {
// return new MemoryMemberRepository();
return new JdbcMemberRepository(dataSource);
}
}
기존에 MemberRepository 인터페이스를 구현하고 MemoryMemberRepository 구현체를 구현하여 활용 하다가 JdbcMemberRepository로 바꿔서 사용하였다.
이것이 바로 스프링의 DI(Dependencies Injection)을 사용하여 기존 코드를 전혀 손대지 않고, 설정만으로 구현 클래스를 변경할 수 있는 장점이다.
2.스프링 통합 테스트
java/hello/spring/service/MemberServiceIntegrationTest.java
@SpringBootTest
@Transactional
class MemberServiceIntegrationTest {
@Autowired
MemberService memberService;
@Autowired
MemberRepository memberRepository;
@Test
public void 회원가입() throws Exception {
//Given
Member member = new Member();
member.setName("hello");
//When
Long saveId = memberService.join(member);
//Then
Member findMember = memberRepository.findById(saveId).get();
assertEquals(member.getName(), findMember.getName());
}
@Test
public void 중복_회원_예외() throws Exception {
//Given
Member member1 = new Member();
member1.setName("spring");
Member member2 = new Member();
member2.setName("spring");
//When
memberService.join(member1);
IllegalStateException e = assertThrows(IllegalStateException.class,
() -> memberService.join(member2));//예외가 발생해야 한다.
assertThat(e.getMessage()).isEqualTo("이미 존재하는 회원입니다.");
}
}테스트 결과
중복 회원 예외에서 이미 존재하는 회원이라는 오류가 발생했다.
이유는 H2 데이터베이스 전에 insert 문으로 spring을 넣어 놨기 때문이다.
delete from member; 후
확인해보면 테스트 성공하는 것을 확인 할수 있다.
- @SpringBootTest: 스프링 컨테이너와 테스트를 함께 실행한다.
- @Transactional: 테스트 케이스에 이 애노테이션이 있으면, 테스트 시작 전에 트랜잭션을 시작하고,
테스트 완료 후에 항상 롤백한다. 이렇게 하면 DB에 데이터가 남지 않으므로 다음 테스트에 영향을 주지
않는다.
3. 스프링 JdbcTemplate
java/hello/spring/repository/JdbcTemplateMemberRepository.java
public class JdbcTemplateMemberRepository implements MemberRepository {
private final JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
public JdbcTemplateMemberRepository(DataSource dataSource) {
jdbcTemplate = new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);
}
@Override
public Member save(Member member) {
SimpleJdbcInsert jdbcInsert = new SimpleJdbcInsert(jdbcTemplate);
jdbcInsert.withTableName("member").usingGeneratedKeyColumns("id");
Map<String, Object> parameters = new HashMap<>();
parameters.put("name", member.getName());
Number key = jdbcInsert.executeAndReturnKey(new MapSqlParameterSource(parameters));
member.setId(key.longValue());
return member;
}
@Override
public Optional<Member> findById(Long id) {
List<Member> result = jdbcTemplate.query("select * from member where id = ?", memberRowMapper(), id);
return result.stream().findAny();
}
@Override
public List<Member> findAll() {
return jdbcTemplate.query("select * from member", memberRowMapper());
}
@Override
public Optional<Member> findByName(String name) {
List<Member> result = jdbcTemplate.query("select * from member where name = ?", memberRowMapper(), name);
return result.stream().findAny();
}
private RowMapper<Member> memberRowMapper() {
return (rs, rowNum) -> {
Member member = new Member();
member.setId(rs.getLong("id"));
member.setName(rs.getString("name"));
return member;
};
}
}(더 공부가 필요)
스프링 JdbcTemplate과 MyBatis 같은 라이브러리는 JDBC API에서 본 반복 코드를 대부분
제거해준다. 하지만 SQL은 직접 작성해야 한다.
테스트 성공
참고
김영한: 코드로 배우는 스프링 부트, 웹 MVC, DB 접근 기술(인프런)
Github - https://github.com/b2b2004/spring-ex
