Linux command - mtr

sycho·2023년 12월 19일

Linux Commands

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mtr

documentation
my traceroute의 약자다
간단하게 말하자면, traceroute + ping이다.
설치가 필요하며, Ubuntu에서는 다음과 같이 한다.

sudo apt install mtr-tiny

basic

다음 command로 실행시 그 다음 화면처럼 나온다. 실시간으로 갱신됨.

$ mtr naver.com

host에서 특정 destination으로 가는 경로 상에서 어떤 일이 일어나고 있는지를 실시간으로 파악하는 용도로 이게 쓰이기 때문이다. packet이 얼마나 loss가 생기는지, 그리고 마지막/평균/가장 좋은/가장 않좋은/표준편차 ping 관련 통계를 내는것도 확인이 가능하다. 위의 경우에는 중간에 reply가 아예 오지 않고 있음이 확인 가능하다.
실시간으로 이렇게 분석을 하는 도중 갑자기 packet loss가 엄청 많이 이루어지거나, response time이 엄청 늘어나는 경우 그쪽 경로 부근에 문제가 있다는 것을 바로 파악할 수 있다.

options

--csv, --xml, --json

csv/xml/json 형식으로 mtr 출력물을 만든다. 지정된 ping 횟수만큼 시도하고 (기본은 10) 측정을 한 다음에 그 종합 결과물을 저 파일 형식으로 로깅하는 것이다.

$ mtr --csv naver.com
Mtr_Version,Start_Time,Status,Host,Hop,Ip,Loss%,Snt, ,Last,Avg,Best,Wrst,StDev,
MTR.0.95,1702972417,OK,naver.com,1,DESKTOP-4RPUOID,0.00,10,0,0.22,0.21,0.16,0.32,0.05
MTR.0.95,1702972417,OK,naver.com,2,192.168.0.1,0.00,10,0,0.38,0.41,0.35,0.56,0.06
MTR.0.95,1702972417,OK,naver.com,3,110.76.92.1,0.00,10,0,1.24,1.50,1.05,3.04,0.60
MTR.0.95,1702972417,OK,naver.com,4,110.76.127.18,0.00,10,0,1.00,0.99,0.91,1.08,0.06
MTR.0.95,1702972417,OK,naver.com,5,110.76.108.17,0.00,10,0,0.91,0.89,0.66,2.39,0.53
MTR.0.95,1702972417,OK,naver.com,6,110.76.108.1,0.00,10,0,0.87,5.26,0.83,44.40,13.75
MTR.0.95,1702972417,OK,naver.com,7,211.230.12.5,0.00,10,0,1.16,2.79,1.07,12.07,3.62
MTR.0.95,1702972417,OK,naver.com,8,112.188.134.153,0.00,10,0,1.19,1.26,1.03,2.02,0.28
MTR.0.95,1702972417,OK,naver.com,9,???,100.00,10,10,0.00,0.00,0.00,0.00,0.00
MTR.0.95,1702972417,OK,naver.com,10,112.174.75.42,0.00,10,0,3.62,4.28,3.44,7.01,1.20
MTR.0.95,1702972417,OK,naver.com,11,???,100.00,10,10,0.00,0.00,0.00,0.00,0.00

$ mtr --xml naver.com
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<MTR SRC="DESKTOP-4RPUOID" DST="naver.com" TOS="0x0" PSIZE="64" BITPATTERN="0x00" TESTS="10">
    <HUB COUNT="1" HOST="DESKTOP-4RPUOID">
        <Loss>  0.0%</Loss>
        <Snt>    10</Snt>
        <Last>   0.2</Last>
        <Avg>   0.2</Avg>
        <Best>   0.1</Best>
        <Wrst>   0.2</Wrst>
        <StDev>   0.0</StDev>
    </HUB>
	...

$ mtr --json naver.com
{
    "report": {
        "mtr": {
            "src": "DESKTOP-4RPUOID",
            "dst": "naver.com",
            "tos": 0,
            "tests": 10,
            "psize": "64",
            "bitpattern": "0x00"
        },
        "hubs": [
            {
                "count": 1,
                "host": "DESKTOP-4RPUOID",
                "Loss%": 0.0,
                "Snt": 10,
                "Last": 0.252,
                "Avg": 0.203,
                "Best": 0.165,
                "Wrst": 0.252,
                "StDev": 0.029
            },
            ...

-c

앞에서 ping을 할 횟수, 혹은 그냥 mtr에서 ping을 할 횟수를 지정하는데 사용된다.

$ mtr -c 1 --csv naver.com
Mtr_Version,Start_Time,Status,Host,Hop,Ip,Loss%,Snt, ,Last,Avg,Best,Wrst,StDev,
MTR.0.95,1702972863,OK,naver.com,1,DESKTOP-4RPUOID,0.00,1,0,0.25,0.25,0.25,0.25,0.00
MTR.0.95,1702972863,OK,naver.com,2,192.168.0.1,0.00,1,0,0.46,0.46,0.46,0.46,0.00
MTR.0.95,1702972863,OK,naver.com,3,110.76.92.1,0.00,1,0,1.10,1.10,1.10,1.10,0.00
MTR.0.95,1702972863,OK,naver.com,4,110.76.127.18,0.00,1,0,0.94,0.94,0.94,0.94,0.00
MTR.0.95,1702972863,OK,naver.com,5,110.76.108.17,0.00,1,0,1.09,1.09,1.09,1.09,0.00
MTR.0.95,1702972863,OK,naver.com,6,110.76.108.1,0.00,1,0,0.96,0.96,0.96,0.96,0.00
MTR.0.95,1702972863,OK,naver.com,7,211.230.12.5,0.00,1,0,5.84,5.84,5.84,5.84,0.00
MTR.0.95,1702972863,OK,naver.com,8,112.188.134.133,0.00,1,0,2.76,2.76,2.76,2.76,0.00
MTR.0.95,1702972863,OK,naver.com,9,???,100.00,1,1,0.00,0.00,0.00,0.00,0.00

-F

측정에서 destination으로 할 hostname을 file에서 읽을 때 사용한다.
여러개의 hostname 지정이 가능하며, 그것들 전부에 대해서 측정을 한다...는데 필자의 경우 file의 첫번째 hostname에 대해서만 되는데 무슨 이유인지는 잘 모르겠다. script file로 우회하는 방법이 있긴 하다.

-n

각 ip주소에 대한 DNS resolving을 수행하지 않는다. ip주소가 DNS 상의 domain name으로 변환하는 것을 아예 시도하지 않는다. output이 조금 더 빠르게 나온다.

-b

IP 주소랑 hostname이 같이 출력되도록 한다.

-r

report mode로 mtr을 실행한다. 실시간으로 통계를 보여주는게 아니라 결과가 나오면 그걸 출력하는 형태.

$ sudo mtr -c 5 -r google.com
Start: 2023-12-19T17:25:01+0900
HOST: DESKTOP-4RPUOID             Loss%   Snt   Last   Avg  Best  Wrst StDev
  1.|-- DESKTOP-4RPUOID            0.0%     5    0.1   0.2   0.1   0.2   0.0
  2.|-- 192.168.0.1                0.0%     5    0.4   0.4   0.4   0.5   0.1
  3.|-- 110.76.92.1                0.0%     5    1.0   1.3   1.0   1.5   0.3
  4.|-- 110.76.127.18              0.0%     5    0.9   0.9   0.9   1.1   0.1
  5.|-- 110.76.108.17              0.0%     5    0.7   0.8   0.7   1.0   0.1
  6.|-- 110.76.108.1               0.0%     5    0.9   0.9   0.9   1.0   0.0
  7.|-- 211.230.12.5               0.0%     5    1.3   1.3   1.1   1.4   0.1
  8.|-- 112.188.135.129            0.0%     5    1.5   1.4   1.1   2.0   0.3
  9.|-- 112.174.48.57              0.0%     5    4.4   4.9   4.3   6.2   0.8
 10.|-- 112.174.84.30              0.0%     5    5.2   8.5   5.1  16.2   4.7
 11.|-- 72.14.243.228              0.0%     5   31.2  31.4  30.9  33.0   0.9
 12.|-- 142.251.61.113             0.0%     5   28.5  28.6  28.4  28.8   0.1
 13.|-- 108.170.242.166            0.0%     5   29.1  29.3  29.1  29.8   0.3
 14.|-- 209.85.242.235             0.0%     5   30.1  30.3  30.0  30.8   0.3
 15.|-- 142.250.57.228             0.0%     5   31.5  31.5  31.3  31.7   0.2
 16.|-- 108.170.243.65             0.0%     5   31.0  45.9  31.0 100.4  30.5
 17.|-- 142.251.70.23              0.0%     5   30.6  30.7  30.4  31.5   0.4
 18.|-- kix06s11-in-f14.1e100.net  0.0%     5   30.4  30.4  30.3  30.4   0.0