built-in function

built-in function이란 Python의 내장 함수를 뜻한다.
따로 선언이나 import 없이 사용할 수 있다.

확인

built-in function들은 __builtins__.__dict__에서 찾아볼 수 있다.

코드

from pprint import pprint # 예쁘게 출력
pprint(__builtins__.__dict__)

결과

{'ArithmeticError': <class 'ArithmeticError'>,
 'AssertionError': <class 'AssertionError'>,
 'AttributeError': <class 'AttributeError'>,
 'BaseException': <class 'BaseException'>,
 'BaseExceptionGroup': <class 'BaseExceptionGroup'>,
 'BlockingIOError': <class 'BlockingIOError'>,
 'BrokenPipeError': <class 'BrokenPipeError'>,
 'BufferError': <class 'BufferError'>,
 'BytesWarning': <class 'BytesWarning'>,
 'ChildProcessError': <class 'ChildProcessError'>,
 'ConnectionAbortedError': <class 'ConnectionAbortedError'>,
 'ConnectionError': <class 'ConnectionError'>,
 'ConnectionRefusedError': <class 'ConnectionRefusedError'>,
 'ConnectionResetError': <class 'ConnectionResetError'>,
 'DeprecationWarning': <class 'DeprecationWarning'>,
 'EOFError': <class 'EOFError'>,
 'Ellipsis': Ellipsis,
 'EncodingWarning': <class 'EncodingWarning'>,
 'EnvironmentError': <class 'OSError'>,
 'Exception': <class 'Exception'>,
 'ExceptionGroup': <class 'ExceptionGroup'>,
 'False': False,
 'FileExistsError': <class 'FileExistsError'>,
 'FileNotFoundError': <class 'FileNotFoundError'>,
 'FloatingPointError': <class 'FloatingPointError'>,
 'FutureWarning': <class 'FutureWarning'>,
 'GeneratorExit': <class 'GeneratorExit'>,
 'IOError': <class 'OSError'>,
 'ImportError': <class 'ImportError'>,
 'ImportWarning': <class 'ImportWarning'>,
 'IndentationError': <class 'IndentationError'>,
 'IndexError': <class 'IndexError'>,
 'InterruptedError': <class 'InterruptedError'>,
 'IsADirectoryError': <class 'IsADirectoryError'>,
 'KeyError': <class 'KeyError'>,
 'KeyboardInterrupt': <class 'KeyboardInterrupt'>,
 'LookupError': <class 'LookupError'>,
 'MemoryError': <class 'MemoryError'>,
 'ModuleNotFoundError': <class 'ModuleNotFoundError'>,
 'NameError': <class 'NameError'>,
 'None': None,
 'NotADirectoryError': <class 'NotADirectoryError'>,
 'NotImplemented': NotImplemented,
 'NotImplementedError': <class 'NotImplementedError'>,
 'OSError': <class 'OSError'>,
 'OverflowError': <class 'OverflowError'>,
 'PendingDeprecationWarning': <class 'PendingDeprecationWarning'>,
 'PermissionError': <class 'PermissionError'>,
 'ProcessLookupError': <class 'ProcessLookupError'>,
 'RecursionError': <class 'RecursionError'>,
 'ReferenceError': <class 'ReferenceError'>,
 'ResourceWarning': <class 'ResourceWarning'>,
 'RuntimeError': <class 'RuntimeError'>,
 'RuntimeWarning': <class 'RuntimeWarning'>,
 'StopAsyncIteration': <class 'StopAsyncIteration'>,
 'StopIteration': <class 'StopIteration'>,
 'SyntaxError': <class 'SyntaxError'>,
 'SyntaxWarning': <class 'SyntaxWarning'>,
 'SystemError': <class 'SystemError'>,
 'SystemExit': <class 'SystemExit'>,
 'TabError': <class 'TabError'>,
 'TimeoutError': <class 'TimeoutError'>,
 'True': True,
 'TypeError': <class 'TypeError'>,
 'UnboundLocalError': <class 'UnboundLocalError'>,
 'UnicodeDecodeError': <class 'UnicodeDecodeError'>,
 'UnicodeEncodeError': <class 'UnicodeEncodeError'>,
 'UnicodeError': <class 'UnicodeError'>,
 'UnicodeTranslateError': <class 'UnicodeTranslateError'>,
 'UnicodeWarning': <class 'UnicodeWarning'>,
 'UserWarning': <class 'UserWarning'>,
 'ValueError': <class 'ValueError'>,
 'Warning': <class 'Warning'>,
 'WindowsError': <class 'OSError'>,
 'ZeroDivisionError': <class 'ZeroDivisionError'>,
 '__build_class__': <built-in function __build_class__>,
 '__debug__': True,
 '__doc__': 'Built-in functions, types, exceptions, and other objects.\n'
            '\n'
            "This module provides direct access to all 'built-in'\n"
            'identifiers of Python; for example, builtins.len is\n'
            'the full name for the built-in function len().\n'
            '\n'
            'This module is not normally accessed explicitly by most\n'
            'applications, but can be useful in modules that provide\n'
            'objects with the same name as a built-in value, but in\n'
            'which the built-in of that name is also needed.',
 '__import__': <built-in function __import__>,
 '__loader__': <class '_frozen_importlib.BuiltinImporter'>,
 '__name__': 'builtins',
 '__package__': '',
 '__spec__': ModuleSpec(name='builtins', loader=<class '_frozen_importlib.BuiltinImporter'>, origin='built-in'),
 'abs': <built-in function abs>,
 'aiter': <built-in function aiter>,
 'all': <built-in function all>,
 'anext': <built-in function anext>,
 'any': <built-in function any>,
 'ascii': <built-in function ascii>,
 'bin': <built-in function bin>,
 'bool': <class 'bool'>,
 'breakpoint': <built-in function breakpoint>,
 'bytearray': <class 'bytearray'>,
 'bytes': <class 'bytes'>,
 'callable': <built-in function callable>,
 'chr': <built-in function chr>,
 'classmethod': <class 'classmethod'>,
 'compile': <built-in function compile>,
 'complex': <class 'complex'>,
 'copyright': Copyright (c) 2001-2023 Python Software Foundation.
All Rights Reserved.

Copyright (c) 2000 BeOpen.com.
All Rights Reserved.

Copyright (c) 1995-2001 Corporation for National Research Initiatives.
All Rights Reserved.

Copyright (c) 1991-1995 Stichting Mathematisch Centrum, Amsterdam.
All Rights Reserved.,
 'credits':     Thanks to CWI, CNRI, BeOpen.com, Zope Corporation and a cast of thousands
    for supporting Python development.  See www.python.org for more information.,
 'delattr': <built-in function delattr>,
 'dict': <class 'dict'>,
 'dir': <built-in function dir>,
 'divmod': <built-in function divmod>,
 'enumerate': <class 'enumerate'>,
 'eval': <built-in function eval>,
 'exec': <built-in function exec>,
 'exit': Use exit() or Ctrl-Z plus Return to exit,
 'filter': <class 'filter'>,
 'float': <class 'float'>,
 'format': <built-in function format>,
 'frozenset': <class 'frozenset'>,
 'getattr': <built-in function getattr>,
 'globals': <built-in function globals>,
 'hasattr': <built-in function hasattr>,
 'hash': <built-in function hash>,
 'help': Type help() for interactive help, or help(object) for help about object.,
 'hex': <built-in function hex>,
 'id': <built-in function id>,
 'input': <built-in function input>,
 'int': <class 'int'>,
 'isinstance': <built-in function isinstance>,
 'issubclass': <built-in function issubclass>,
 'iter': <built-in function iter>,
 'len': <built-in function len>,
 'license': Type license() to see the full license text,
 'list': <class 'list'>,
 'locals': <built-in function locals>,
 'map': <class 'map'>,
 'max': <built-in function max>,
 'memoryview': <class 'memoryview'>,
 'min': <built-in function min>,
 'next': <built-in function next>,
 'object': <class 'object'>,
 'oct': <built-in function oct>,
 'open': <built-in function open>,
 'ord': <built-in function ord>,
 'pow': <built-in function pow>,
 'print': <built-in function print>,
 'property': <class 'property'>,
 'quit': Use quit() or Ctrl-Z plus Return to exit,
 'range': <class 'range'>,
 'repr': <built-in function repr>,
 'reversed': <class 'reversed'>,
 'round': <built-in function round>,
 'set': <class 'set'>,
 'setattr': <built-in function setattr>,
 'slice': <class 'slice'>,
 'sorted': <built-in function sorted>,
 'staticmethod': <class 'staticmethod'>,
 'str': <class 'str'>,
 'sum': <built-in function sum>,
 'super': <class 'super'>,
 'tuple': <class 'tuple'>,
 'type': <class 'type'>,
 'vars': <built-in function vars>,
 'zip': <class 'zip'>}

참조

https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html