Level DB는 이더리움에서 사용하는 데이터베이스로 키:밸류 형태로 데이터를 저장한다.
이더리움에서 스토리지에 저장될 모든 데이터가 레벨 디비에 저장된다.
레벨 디비에 저장되는 데이터의 스키마
// /go-ethereum/core/rawdb/schema.go
// The fields below define the low level database schema prefixing.
var (
// databaseVersionKey tracks the current database version.
databaseVersionKey = []byte("DatabaseVersion")
// headHeaderKey tracks the latest known header's hash.
headHeaderKey = []byte("LastHeader")
// headBlockKey tracks the latest known full block's hash.
headBlockKey = []byte("LastBlock")
// headFastBlockKey tracks the latest known incomplete block's hash during fast sync.
headFastBlockKey = []byte("LastFast")
// headFinalizedBlockKey tracks the latest known finalized block hash.
headFinalizedBlockKey = []byte("LastFinalized")
// persistentStateIDKey tracks the id of latest stored state(for path-based only).
persistentStateIDKey = []byte("LastStateID")
// lastPivotKey tracks the last pivot block used by fast sync (to reenable on sethead).
lastPivotKey = []byte("LastPivot")
// fastTrieProgressKey tracks the number of trie entries imported during fast sync.
fastTrieProgressKey = []byte("TrieSync")
// snapshotDisabledKey flags that the snapshot should not be maintained due to initial sync.
snapshotDisabledKey = []byte("SnapshotDisabled")
// SnapshotRootKey tracks the hash of the last snapshot.
SnapshotRootKey = []byte("SnapshotRoot")
// snapshotJournalKey tracks the in-memory diff layers across restarts.
snapshotJournalKey = []byte("SnapshotJournal")
// snapshotGeneratorKey tracks the snapshot generation marker across restarts.
snapshotGeneratorKey = []byte("SnapshotGenerator")
// snapshotRecoveryKey tracks the snapshot recovery marker across restarts.
snapshotRecoveryKey = []byte("SnapshotRecovery")
// snapshotSyncStatusKey tracks the snapshot sync status across restarts.
snapshotSyncStatusKey = []byte("SnapshotSyncStatus")
// skeletonSyncStatusKey tracks the skeleton sync status across restarts.
skeletonSyncStatusKey = []byte("SkeletonSyncStatus")
// trieJournalKey tracks the in-memory trie node layers across restarts.
trieJournalKey = []byte("TrieJournal")
// txIndexTailKey tracks the oldest block whose transactions have been indexed.
txIndexTailKey = []byte("TransactionIndexTail")
// fastTxLookupLimitKey tracks the transaction lookup limit during fast sync.
fastTxLookupLimitKey = []byte("FastTransactionLookupLimit")
// badBlockKey tracks the list of bad blocks seen by local
badBlockKey = []byte("InvalidBlock")
// uncleanShutdownKey tracks the list of local crashes
uncleanShutdownKey = []byte("unclean-shutdown") // config prefix for the db
// transitionStatusKey tracks the eth2 transition status.
transitionStatusKey = []byte("eth2-transition")
// snapSyncStatusFlagKey flags that status of snap sync.
snapSyncStatusFlagKey = []byte("SnapSyncStatus")
// Data item prefixes (use single byte to avoid mixing data types, avoid `i`, used for indexes).
headerPrefix = []byte("h") // headerPrefix + num (uint64 big endian) + hash -> header
headerTDSuffix = []byte("t") // headerPrefix + num (uint64 big endian) + hash + headerTDSuffix -> td
headerHashSuffix = []byte("n") // headerPrefix + num (uint64 big endian) + headerHashSuffix -> hash
headerNumberPrefix = []byte("H") // headerNumberPrefix + hash -> num (uint64 big endian)
blockBodyPrefix = []byte("b") // blockBodyPrefix + num (uint64 big endian) + hash -> block body
blockReceiptsPrefix = []byte("r") // blockReceiptsPrefix + num (uint64 big endian) + hash -> block receipts
txLookupPrefix = []byte("l") // txLookupPrefix + hash -> transaction/receipt lookup metadata
bloomBitsPrefix = []byte("B") // bloomBitsPrefix + bit (uint16 big endian) + section (uint64 big endian) + hash -> bloom bits
SnapshotAccountPrefix = []byte("a") // SnapshotAccountPrefix + account hash -> account trie value
SnapshotStoragePrefix = []byte("o") // SnapshotStoragePrefix + account hash + storage hash -> storage trie value
CodePrefix = []byte("c") // CodePrefix + code hash -> account code
skeletonHeaderPrefix = []byte("S") // skeletonHeaderPrefix + num (uint64 big endian) -> header
// Path-based storage scheme of merkle patricia trie.
trieNodeAccountPrefix = []byte("A") // trieNodeAccountPrefix + hexPath -> trie node
trieNodeStoragePrefix = []byte("O") // trieNodeStoragePrefix + accountHash + hexPath -> trie node
stateIDPrefix = []byte("L") // stateIDPrefix + state root -> state id
PreimagePrefix = []byte("secure-key-") // PreimagePrefix + hash -> preimage
configPrefix = []byte("ethereum-config-") // config prefix for the db
genesisPrefix = []byte("ethereum-genesis-") // genesis state prefix for the db
// BloomBitsIndexPrefix is the data table of a chain indexer to track its progress
BloomBitsIndexPrefix = []byte("iB")
ChtPrefix = []byte("chtRootV2-") // ChtPrefix + chtNum (uint64 big endian) -> trie root hash
ChtTablePrefix = []byte("cht-")
ChtIndexTablePrefix = []byte("chtIndexV2-")
BloomTriePrefix = []byte("bltRoot-") // BloomTriePrefix + bloomTrieNum (uint64 big endian) -> trie root hash
BloomTrieTablePrefix = []byte("blt-")
BloomTrieIndexPrefix = []byte("bltIndex-")
CliqueSnapshotPrefix = []byte("clique-")
preimageCounter = metrics.NewRegisteredCounter("db/preimage/total", nil)
preimageHitCounter = metrics.NewRegisteredCounter("db/preimage/hits", nil)
)레벨 디비에서 마지막 블록 정보 읽기
goleveldb 인스톨
go get github.com/syndtr/goleveldb/leveldb코드작성
// main.go
package main
import (
"encoding/hex"
"fmt"
"github.com/syndtr/goleveldb/leveldb"
)
func main() {
db, err := leveldb.OpenFile("./data/geth/chaindata", nil)
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("Error opening LevelDB:", err)
return
}
defer db.Close()
// 데이터 읽기
dbKey := []byte("LastBlock")
data, err := db.Get(dbKey, nil)
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("Error reading from LevelDB: ", err)
return
}
encodedString := hex.EncodeToString(data)
fmt.Println(data) // 원시 바이트 데이터를 출력
fmt.Println("Encoded Hex String:", encodedString) // 인코딩된 데이터를 출력하여 사용자가 읽을 수 있는 16진수 문자열로 표시
}
마지막 블록 확인
> eth.blockNumber
11509
> eth.getBlock(11509)
{
baseFeePerGas: 7,
difficulty: 5087191,
extraData: "0xd983010a1a846765746888676f312e31382e358664617277696e",
gasLimit: 30000000,
gasUsed: 0,
hash: "0x99d9ca15507a4d54eb3dba7450df42ed7eb8332751d01f9c4c481f18093756da",
logsBloom: "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
miner: "0x05684fa3f74c58f3849581a246f64688952282d0",
mixHash: "0x59733ee0d4c10b60a89ad34a8446a3306aadc9afe7259c188a76e240c33c5981",
nonce: "0x5e9607f331de6460",
number: 11509,
parentHash: "0x624f7fac85372a689aecd274878f5ff4dabcc9ca7f8daeb039f20254c86e4ac6",
receiptsRoot: "0x56e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421",
sha3Uncles: "0x1dcc4de8dec75d7aab85b567b6ccd41ad312451b948a7413f0a142fd40d49347",
size: 541,
stateRoot: "0xf0c723c1a0d5d3a40a5ca6af171017319cc77e23231f02d0bd76ebde6abc7ad2",
timestamp: 1701470664,
totalDifficulty: 22851864627,
transactions: [],
transactionsRoot: "0x56e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421",
uncles: []
}코드 실행
실행 전 게스 중지, 게스에서 레벨 디비를 사용하고 있으므로..
go run main.go
[153 217 202 21 80 122 77 84 235 61 186 116 80 223 66 237 126 184 51 39 81 208 31 156 76 72 31 24 9 55 86 218]
Encoded Hex String: 99d9ca15507a4d54eb3dba7450df42ed7eb8332751d01f9c4c481f18093756da블록의 해시가 같음을 확인할 수 있음
다음 링크에서 게스의 레벨 디비를 더 자세히 알 수 있음
https://github.com/MartiTM/geth-leveldb-explorer
Move fast & break things