Asymmetric Cryptography

Confidentiality

granted through the encryption-decryption mechanism

Authenticity

granted by the digital signature mechanism

Non-repudiation

the author of the message isn't able to dispute the origin of the message.

Message Authentication Code (MACs)

A MAC is a bit of information that allows authentication of a received message, ensuring that the message came from the alleged sender and not a third party masquerading as them.

• Keyed-Hash Message Authentication Code : HMAC uses a cryptographic hash function along with a secret key to generate a MAC.

• Cipher-Based Message Authentication Codes : The process is similar to HMAC, but instead of using a hashing function to produce a digest, a symmetric cipher with a shared keys used to encrypt the message and the resulting output is used as the MAC.

• Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication Codes : CBC-MAC is a mechanism for building MACs using block ciphers.
  This works by taking a message and encrypting it using a block cipher operating in CBC mode.
  CBC mode : CBC mode is an operating mode for block ciphers that incorporates a previously encrypted block cipher text into the next block's plain text.
  This chain of interdependently encrypted blocks means that any modification to the plain text will result in a different final output at the end of the chain, ensuring message integrity.

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Asymmetric Algorithm

RSA

one of the first practical asymmetric cryptography systems

Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA)

It's important to call out that the security of this system is dependent on choosing a random seed value that's incorporated into the signing process.

Diffie-Hellman (DH)

Elliptic curve cryptography (ECC)

A public key encryption system that uses the algebraic structure of elliptic curves over finite fields to generate secure keys.