[spring] 스프링 프레임워크 MVC

sang·2024년 4월 11일
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스프링 프레임워크 MVC

모델2 아키텍처 지원
다른 모듈과 쉬운 연계
View 기술과 쉬운 연계 (tiles, sitemesh)
태그 라이브러리를 통한 쉬운 구현 (message, theme, input)

구성 요소

DispatcherServlet: 클라이언트 요청에 대한 컨트롤러 선택, 요청 전달, View에 반환값 전달
HandlerMapping: 클라이언트 URL 요청을 처리할 컨트롤러 지정
Controller: 서블릿(DispatcherServlet)으로 요청 처리 결과 전달
MultiActionController: URL 요청명에 따른 컨트롤러 지정
PropertiesMethodNameResolver: 메소드 호출
ModelAndView: 처리 결과 및 필요 정보 저장
ViewResolver: 처리 결과를 전달할 뷰 지정
View: 처리 결과 화면 생성
InternalResourceViewResolver: 뷰 생성, 경로 지정 가능

수행 과정

  1. 요청 전달: 웹 브라우저 -> DispatcherServlet -> HandlerMapping -> Controller
  2. 결과 전달: Controller -> DispatcherServlet
  3. 결과 출력: DispatcherServlet -> ViewResolver -> View

SimpleUrlController

pro21/WebContent/WEB-INF/web.xml

서블릿 매핑

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> <!-- 양수: 미리 로드 // 음수: 요청 시 로드 -->
  </servlet>

  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

pro21/WebContent/WEB-INF/action-servlet.xml

bean 설정

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
  xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
  xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
  xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">

<!-- simpleUrlController bean 생성 -->
<bean id="simpleUrlController" class="com.spring.ex01.SimpleUrlController"/>
<!-- SimpleUrlHandlerMapping: 매핑 -->
<bean id="urlMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
    <property name="mappings">
      <props>
        <prop key="/test/index.do">simpleUrlController</prop> <!-- index.do 요청 시 simpleUrlController 호출 -->
      </props>
    </property>
  </bean>

pro21/src/com/spring/ex01/SimpleUrlController.java

컨트톨러

package com.spring.ex01;
...
public class SimpleUrlController implements Controller {
  @Override
  public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
    return new ModelAndView("index.jsp"); //작업 결과 반환
  }
}

pro21/WebContent/test/index.jsp

출력 (요청 결과)

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8" isELIgnored="false" %>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <meta charset=”UTF-8">
  <title>spring 테스트입니다.</title>
</head>
<body>
  <h1>index.jsp파일입니다.</h1>
  <p>Hello Spring!!</p>
</body>
</html>

MultiActionController

pro21/WebContent/WEB-INF/action-servlet.xml

bean 설정

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
  xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
  xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
  xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">

  <!-- InternalResourceViewResolver: 뷰 선택 경로 지정 및 전달 -->
  <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">      
    <!-- 경로 지정 -->
    <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>
    <property name="prefix" value="/test/" />
    <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
  </bean>
  
  <!-- SimpleUrlHandlerMapping: 매핑 -->
  <bean id="userUrlMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
    <property name="mappings">
      <props>
        <prop key="/test/*.do">userController</prop>
      </props>
    </property>
  </bean>
  
  <!-- userMethodNameResolver 주입 -->
  <bean id="userController" class="com.spring.ex02.UserController">
    <property name="methodNameResolver">
        <ref local="userMethodNameResolver"/>
    </property>
  </bean>

  <!-- PropertiesMethodNameResolver: 메소드 호출 -->
  <bean id="userMethodNameResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.multiaction.PropertiesMethodNameResolver">
    <property name="mappings">
      <props>
        <prop key="/test/login.do">login</prop> <!-- login.do 요청 시 login 메소드 호출 -->
      </props>
    </property>
  </bean>
</beans>

pro21/WebContent/test/loginForm.jsp

로그인 창

...
<form name="frmLogin" method="post" action="${contextPath}/test/login.do"> <!-- -->
  <table border="1" width="80%" align="center" >
  <tr align="center" >
    <td>아이디</td>
    <td>비밀번호</td>
  </tr>
  <tr align="center" >
    <td><input type="text" name="userID" value="" size="20"></td>
    <td ><input type="password" name="passwd" value="" size="20"></td>
  </tr>
    ...
  </table>
</form>
</body>
</html>

pro21/WebContent//test/login.jsp

로그인 결과창

...
  <table border="1" width="50%" align="center" >
    <tr align="center">
      <td>아이디</td>
      <td>비밀번호</td>
    </tr>
    <tr align="center">
    <td>${userID}</td>
      <td>${passwd}</td>
    </tr>
  </table>
...

pro21/src/com/spring/ex02/UserController.java

...
public class UserController extends MultiActionController {
  public ModelAndView login(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
    String userID = "";
    String passwd = "";
    
    String viewName=getViewName(request); //요청 이름
    ModelAndView mav=new ModelAndView();
    request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
    
    userID = request.getParameter("userID");
    passwd = request.getParameter("passwd");
    
    mav.addObject("userID", userID);
    mav.addObject("passwd", passwd);
    
    mav.setViewName(viewName); //포워딩할 JSP 이름
    System.out.println("ViewName:"+viewName);
    
    return mav;
  }
 
  private String getViewName(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception { //요청명에서 view 이름 가져오기
    String contextPath = request.getContextPath();
    
    String uri = (String)request.getAttribute("javax.servlet.include.request_uri");
    if(uri == null || uri.trim().equals("")) {
      uri = request.getRequestURI();
    }

    int begin = 0;
    if( !((contextPath==null)||("".equals(contextPath))) ){
      begin = contextPath.length();
    }

    int end;
    if(uri.indexOf(";")!=-1){ end=uri.indexOf(";"); }
    else if(uri.indexOf("?")!=-1){ end=uri.indexOf("?"); }
    else{ end=uri.length(); }

    String fileName=uri.substring(begin,end);
    if(fileName.indexOf(".")!=-1){
      fileName=fileName.substring(0, fileName.lastIndexOf("."));
    }
    if(fileName.lastIndexOf("/")!=-1){
      fileName=fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf("/"),fileName.length());
    }
    
    return fileName;
  }
}

스프링 JDBC

Java Database Connectivity
자바 데이터 엑세스 기술

DB 연결

pro22/WebContent/WEB-INF/web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">

  <listener>
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> <!-- 설정파일 사용을 위해 필요 -->
  </listener>
  <context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value> <!-- 설정 파일 -->
      /WEB-INF/config/action-service.xml
      /WEB-INF/config/action-dataSource.xml
    </param-value>
  </context-param>

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

pro22/WebContent/WEB-INF/action-servlet.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
  xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
  xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
  xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">

  <!-- InternalResourceViewResolver: 뷰 선택 경로 지정 및 전달 -->
  <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" >
    <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView" />
    <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/" />
    <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
  </bean>
  
  <!-- memberController: methodNameResolver, memberService 주입 -->
  <bean id="memberController" class="com.spring.member.controller.MemberControllerImpl">
    <property name="methodNameResolver"> <ref local="methodResolver"/> </property>
    <property name="memberService" ref="memberService"/>
  </bean>

  <!-- PropertiesMethodNameResolver: 메소드 호출 -->
  <bean id="methodResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.multiaction.PropertiesMethodNameResolver" >
    <property name="mappings" >
      <props>
        <prop key="/member/listMembers.do" >listMembers</prop>
        <prop key="/member/addMember.do" >addMember</prop>
        <prop key="/member/memberForm.do" >memberForm</prop>
        <prop key="/member/memberDetail.do">memberDetail</prop>
      </props>
    </property>
  </bean>

  <!-- SimpleUrlHandlerMapping: 매핑 -->
  <bean id="urlMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping" >
    <property name="mappings" >
      <props>
        <prop key="/member/*.do" >memberController</prop>
      </props>
    </property>
  </bean>
  
  <!-- memberService: memberDAO bean 주입 -->
  <bean id="memberService" class="com.spring.member.service.MemberServiceImpl">
    <property name="memberDAO" ref="memberDAO"/>
  </bean>
</beans>

pro22/WebContent/WEB-INF/config/action-dataSource.xml

스프링 JDBC 설정에 필요한 정보 설정

...
  <!-- DB 연결에 필요한 설정 정보 가져오기 -->
  <bean id="propertyConfigurer" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer" >
  <property name="locations" >
      <list>
        <value>/WEB-INF/config/jdbc.properties</value> 
      </list>
    </property>
  </bean>
  
  <!-- SimpleDriverDataSource 생성 시 DB 연결 -->
  <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.SimpleDriverDataSource">
    <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driverClassName}" />
    <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}" />
    <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}" />
    <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />
  </bean>
  
  <!-- memberDAO: dataSource bean 주입 -->
  <bean id="memberDAO" class="com.spring.member.dao.MemberDAOImpl" >
    <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
  </bean>
...

pro22/WebContent/WEB-INF/config/jdbc.properties

DB 연결 정보

jdbc.driverClassName=oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver
jdbc.url=jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:XE
jdbc.username=scott
jdbc.password=tiger

pro22/WebContent/WEB-INF/config/action-service.xml

서비스 빈 생성 설정

bean 주입 과정

memberController <- memberService <- memberDAO <- dataSource

DB 사용

JDBC Template

pro22/src/com/spring/member/controller/MemberControllerImpl.java

...
public class MemberControllerImpl extends MultiActionController implements MemberController {
  private MemberService memberService;
  
  public void setMemberService(MemberService memberService) {
    this.memberService = memberService;
  }
 
  public ModelAndView listMembers(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
    String viewName = getViewName(request);
    List membersList = memberService.listMembers(); //MemberService에서 정보 가져오기
    ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView(viewName);
    mav.addObject("membersList", membersList); //정보 바인딩
    
    return mav;
  }
  ...
}

pro22/src/com/spring/member/service/MemberServiceImpl.java

package com.spring.member.service;
...
public class MemberServiceImpl implements MemberService {
  private MemberDAO memberDAO;
  
  public void setMemberDAO(MemberDAO memberDAO) {
    this.memberDAO = memberDAO;
  }
  
  @Override
  public List listMembers() throws DataAccessException {
    List membersList = null;
    membersList = memberDAO.selectAllMembers(); //MemberDAO에서 정보 가져오기
    
    return membersList;
  }
}

pro22/src/com/spring/member/dao/MemberDAOImpl.java

...
public class MemberDAOImpl implements MemberDAO {
  private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

  public void setDataSource(DataSource dataSource) {
    this.jdbcTemplate = new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);
  }
  
  @Override
  public List selectAllMembers() throws DataAccessException {
    String query = "select id,pwd,name,email,joinDate" + " from t_member " + " order by joinDate desc";
    List membersList = new ArrayList();

    membersList = this.jdbcTemplate.query(query, new RowMapper() { //JdbcTemplate에서 정보 가져오기
      public Object mapRow(ResultSet rs, int rowNum) throws SQLException {
        MemberVO memberVO = new MemberVO();
        memberVO.setId(rs.getString("id"));
        memberVO.setPwd(rs.getString("pwd"));
        memberVO.setName(rs.getString("name"));
        memberVO.setEmail(rs.getString("email"));
        memberVO.setJoinDate(rs.getDate("joinDate"));
        return memberVO;
      }
    });
    
    return membersList;
  }

  @Override
  public int addMember(MemberVO memberVO) throws DataAccessException {
    String id = memberVO.getId();
    String pwd = memberVO.getPwd();
    String name = memberVO.getName();
    String email = memberVO.getEmail();
    
    String query = "insert into t_member(id,pwd, name,email) values (" + "'" + id + "' ," + "'" + pwd + "' ," + "'" + name + "' ," + "'" + email + "') ";
    System.out.println(query);
    
    int result = jdbcTemplate.update(query); //JdbcTemplate에 정보 넣기
    System.out.println(result);
    
    return result;
  }
}

pro22/WebContent/WEB-INF/views/listMembers.jsp

...
  <table border="1" align="center" width="80%">
    <tr align="center" bgcolor="lightgreen">
      <td ><b>>아이디</b></td>
      <td><b>>비밀번호</b></td>
      <td><b>>이름</b></td>
      <td><b>>이메일</b></td>
      <td><b>>가입일</b></td>
    </tr>
  <c:forEach var="member" items="${membersList}" >
    <tr align="center">
    <td>${member.id}</td>
      <td>${member.pwd}</td>
      <td>${member.name}</td>
      <td>${member.email}</td>
      <td>${member.joinDate}</td>
    </tr>
  </c:forEach>
  </table>
...

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