πŸ“š μ˜μ–΄ λ¬Έμž₯의 κΈ°λ³Έ λ‹€μ§€κΈ°: 주어와 μˆ μ–΄λΆ€ν„° ν’ˆμ‚¬κΉŒμ§€ μ™„λ²½ λ§ˆμŠ€ν„°!

GoGoComputerΒ·2025λ…„ 4μ›” 23일

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이 λ‚΄μš©μ€ μ˜μ–΄ λ¬Έμž₯의 κ°€μž₯ 기본적인 ꡬ쑰와 κ°œλ…μ„ μ„€λͺ…ν•˜λŠ” κ°•μ˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ•„μ£Ό κΈ°μ΄ˆλΆ€ν„° μ°¨κ·Όμ°¨κ·Ό μ„€λͺ…ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ–΄μ„œ μ˜μ–΄λ₯Ό 처음 λ°°μš°λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ—κ²Œ λ”± μ’‹μ•„μš”. μ•„λž˜μ— κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ μ„€λͺ…κ³Ό 예제λ₯Ό ν•¨κ»˜ μ •λ¦¬ν•΄λ³Όκ²Œμš”. 이해λ₯Ό 돕기 μœ„ν•΄ ν•œκ΅­μ–΄μ™€ μ˜μ–΄λ₯Ό λ³‘ν–‰ν•΄μ„œ μ„€λͺ…ν• κ²Œμš”.


🧱 μ˜μ–΄ λ¬Έμž₯의 κΈ°λ³Έ ꡬ쑰: μ£Όμ–΄(Subject) + μˆ μ–΄(Predicate)

μ˜μ–΄ λ¬Έμž₯은 기본적으둜 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 생각(one complete thought) 을 λ‹΄κ³  μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν•΄μš”.
κ·Έ 생각을 μ™„μ„±ν•˜λ €λ©΄ λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ 두 κ°€μ§€κ°€ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€:

  • μ£Όμ–΄ (Subject) β†’ λ¬Έμž₯의 주인곡. "λˆ„κ°€?" λ˜λŠ” "무엇이?"
  • μˆ μ–΄ (Predicate) β†’ μ£Όμ–΄κ°€ 무엇을 ν•˜λŠ”μ§€, μ–΄λ–€ μƒνƒœμΈμ§€ μ•Œλ €μ£ΌλŠ” λΆ€λΆ„

πŸ” μ˜ˆμ‹œλ‘œ λ³΄λŠ” λ¬Έμž₯ ꡬ쑰

μ˜ˆμ‹œ 1:

"The dog runs the street."

  • 🐢 μ£Όμ–΄(Subject): The dog β†’ 이 λ¬Έμž₯의 주인곡, 개
  • πŸƒβ€β™‚οΈ μˆ μ–΄(Predicate): runs the street β†’ κ°œκ°€ 무엇을 ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ„€λͺ…

이 λ¬Έμž₯은 "κ°œκ°€ 거리λ₯Ό 달린닀"λŠ” μ˜λ―Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.


μ˜ˆμ‹œ 2:

"The cat jumps on the bed."

  • μ£Όμ–΄: The cat
  • μˆ μ–΄: jumps on the bed

    해석: 고양이가 μΉ¨λŒ€ μœ„λ‘œ μ ν”„ν•œλ‹€


μ˜ˆμ‹œ 3:

"The mouse eats the cheese."

  • μ£Όμ–΄: The mouse
  • μˆ μ–΄: eats the cheese

    해석: 생μ₯κ°€ 치즈λ₯Ό λ¨ΉλŠ”λ‹€


μ˜ˆμ‹œ 4:

"The bird is in the sky."

  • μ£Όμ–΄: The bird
  • μˆ μ–΄: is in the sky

    해석: μƒˆκ°€ ν•˜λŠ˜μ— μžˆλ‹€


✏️ μ—°μŠ΅ λ¬Έμ œμ™€ λ‹΅

μ—°μŠ΅ 1:

"The man ate pizza."

  • μ£Όμ–΄: The man
  • μˆ μ–΄: ate pizza

μ—°μŠ΅ 2:

"Adam went to school."

  • μ£Όμ–΄: Adam
  • μˆ μ–΄: went to school

μ—°μŠ΅ 3:

"The bear slept in the cave."

  • μ£Όμ–΄: The bear
  • μˆ μ–΄: slept in the cave

πŸ› οΈ 단어 μˆœμ„œ λ§žμΆ”κΈ° (μž¬λ°°μ—΄ μ—°μŠ΅)

μ£Όμ–΄μ§„ 단어: "is", "the boat", "sinking"
β†’ λ°”λ₯Έ λ¬Έμž₯: "The boat is sinking."


πŸ“ˆ λ¬Έμž₯을 ν™•μž₯ν•˜κΈ°

κΈ°λ³Έ λ¬Έμž₯μ—μ„œ 점점 정보λ₯Ό μΆ”κ°€ν•΄μ„œ λ¬Έμž₯을 더 ν’λΆ€ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆμ–΄μš”:

  1. κΈ°λ³Έ λ¬Έμž₯: The dog eats food.
  2. ν™•μž₯ 1: The big dog eats food quickly.
  3. ν™•μž₯ 2: The big dog eats food quickly under the bed.
  4. ν™•μž₯ 3: This big dog eats food quickly under the bed.
  5. ν™•μž₯ 4: This big dog eats food quickly under the bed and drinks water.

μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ¬Έμž₯은 점점 더 ꡬ체적이고 ν’λΆ€ν•΄μ§ˆ 수 μžˆμ–΄μš”.


πŸ“š λ‹€μŒμ— 배울 것듀

μ΄ν›„μ—λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ λ¬Έμž₯을 κ΅¬μ„±ν•˜λŠ” μ€‘μš”ν•œ ν’ˆμ‚¬(Parts of Speech) 에 λŒ€ν•΄ 배울 κ±°μ˜ˆμš”:

  • λͺ…사 (Noun) – μ‚¬λžŒ, μž₯μ†Œ, 사물
  • 동사 (Verb) – 행동, μƒνƒœ
  • ν˜•μš©μ‚¬ (Adjective) – λͺ…사λ₯Ό 꾸며쀌
  • 뢀사 (Adverb) – λ™μ‚¬λ‚˜ ν˜•μš©μ‚¬ 등을 꾸며쀌
  • μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬ (Preposition) – μœ„μΉ˜, λ°©ν–₯ λ“±
  • 접속사 (Conjunction) – λ¬Έμž₯μ΄λ‚˜ 단어λ₯Ό 연결함

πŸ“Œ 마무리 μš”μ•½

μ˜μ–΄ λ¬Έμž₯은 기본적으둜:
μ£Όμ–΄ + μˆ μ–΄(동사 + λͺ©μ μ–΄) ꡬ쑰둜 이루어져 μžˆμ–΄μš”.

이 μˆœμ„œλ₯Ό μ •ν™•νžˆ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λ©΄, μ˜μ–΄ λ¬Έμž₯을 훨씬 μ‰½κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€κ³  이해할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€!


πŸ’‘ λͺ…μ‚¬λž€?

λͺ…μ‚¬λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒ, μž₯μ†Œ, 사물, 동물, 감정을 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄λŠ” λ‹¨μ–΄μ˜ˆμš”.

예:

  • μ‚¬λžŒ: man, girl, teacher
  • μž₯μ†Œ: school, New York, space
  • 사물: book, desk, phone
  • 동물: dog, cat, bird
  • 감정: love, anger, happiness

🧱 예문 뢄석

λ¬Έμž₯:

"The dog runs the street."
해석: κ·Έ κ°œλŠ” 길을 λ‹¬λ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.

  • dog β†’ λͺ…사 (μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ μ•„λ‹Œ 동물이죠!) β†’ μ£Όμ–΄(subject)
  • street β†’ λͺ…사 (μž₯μ†Œ) β†’ λͺ©μ μ–΄(object)

즉, λ¬Έμž₯의 주어와 λͺ©μ μ–΄λŠ” λͺ¨λ‘ λͺ…μ‚¬μ˜ˆμš”!


πŸ‘€ λͺ…μ‚¬μ˜ μ’…λ₯˜

1. μ‚¬λžŒ (People)

  • 예: firefighter, teacher, woman

2. μž₯μ†Œ (Places)

  • 예: city, America, Mars

3. 사물 (Things)

  • 예: pen, apple, chair

4. 동물 (Animals)

  • 예: dog, tiger, bird

5. 감정 (Feelings)

  • 예: happiness, fear, love

πŸ”’ λ‹¨μˆ˜ vs 볡수 λͺ…사

ꡬ뢄섀λͺ…μ˜ˆμ‹œ
λ‹¨μˆ˜ν•œ 개만 μžˆμ„ λ•Œdog, chair, girl
λ³΅μˆ˜μ—¬λŸ¬ 개일 λ•Œ, 보톡 -s λ˜λŠ” -es λ₯Ό λΆ™μž„dogs, chairs, boxes
νŠΉμ΄ν•œ 볡수y둜 λλ‚˜λ©΄ β†’ ies둜 λ°”κΏˆcherry β†’ cherries

🧾 고유 λͺ…사 vs 보톡 λͺ…사 vs λŒ€λͺ…사

ꡬ뢄섀λͺ…μ˜ˆμ‹œ
고유 λͺ…μ‚¬νŠΉμ •ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄λ‚˜ μž₯μ†Œ 이름 (항상 λŒ€λ¬Έμž)Elizabeth, Paris, Korea
보톡 λͺ…μ‚¬μΌλ°˜μ μΈ μ‚¬λžŒ/μž₯μ†Œ/사물 이름city, man, girl
λŒ€λͺ…사λͺ…사λ₯Ό λŒ€μ‹ ν•˜λŠ” 단어he, she, it, they

🧠 μ—°μŠ΅ 예제 μ„€λͺ…

λ¬Έμž₯:

"The mountain has trees, rivers, and lakes."
해석: μ‚°μ—λŠ” λ‚˜λ¬΄, κ°•, ν˜Έμˆ˜κ°€ μžˆλ‹€.

  • mountain β†’ 보톡λͺ…사 (μž₯μ†Œ, λ‹¨μˆ˜)
  • trees β†’ 보톡λͺ…사 (사물, 볡수)
  • rivers β†’ 보톡λͺ…사 (μž₯μ†Œ, 볡수)
  • lakes β†’ 보톡λͺ…사 (μž₯μ†Œ, 볡수)

λ¬Έμž₯:

"Queen Elizabeth sat on the bench."
해석: μ—˜λ¦¬μžλ² μŠ€ 여왕이 λ²€μΉ˜μ— μ•‰μ•˜λ‹€.

  • Queen Elizabeth β†’ 고유λͺ…사 (νŠΉμ • 인물, λŒ€λ¬Έμž μ‚¬μš©)
  • bench β†’ 보톡λͺ…사 (사물, λ‹¨μˆ˜)

βœ… 정리

λͺ…μ‚¬λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ λ¬Έμž₯의 κΈ°λ³Έ μž¬λ£Œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€!
λ¬Έμž₯을 λ§Œλ“€ λ•ŒλŠ” 보톡 β†’
μ£Όμ–΄(λͺ…사) + 동사 + λͺ©μ μ–΄(λͺ…사)
이 μˆœμ„œλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§€μ£ .

예:
"The cat (μ£Όμ–΄) eats (동사) fish (λͺ©μ μ–΄)."


πŸ’‘ λ™μ‚¬λž€?

λ™μ‚¬λŠ” 행동(action), μƒνƒœ(state) λ˜λŠ” 쑴재(be)λ₯Ό λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄λŠ” λ§μ΄μ—μš”.
μ˜μ–΄ λ¬Έμž₯μ—μ„œ μˆ μ–΄(predicate)의 핡심이 λ˜λŠ” λ‹¨μ–΄μ˜ˆμš”.

예:

  • 행동: run(달리닀), jump(μ ν”„ν•˜λ‹€), eat(λ¨Ήλ‹€)
  • μƒνƒœ/쑴재: is(이닀), are(이닀), was(μ΄μ—ˆλ‹€)

πŸ“Œ 예문:

"The dog runs the street."
해석: κ°œκ°€ 길을 λ‹¬λ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.

  • The dog β†’ μ£Όμ–΄ (λͺ…사)
  • runs β†’ 동사 (κ°œκ°€ "무엇을" ν•˜λ‚˜μš”? λ‹¬λ €μš”!)

πŸ‘‰ μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ "runs"λŠ” 행동을 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄λŠ” λ™μž‘ 동사(action verb)μ˜ˆμš”.


πŸ•’ λ™μ‚¬μ˜ μ‹œμ œ (Tense)

λ™μ‚¬λŠ” μ–Έμ œ μΌμ–΄λ‚¬λŠ”μ§€μ— 따라 ν˜•νƒœκ°€ λ°”λ€Œμ–΄μš”:

μ‹œμ œμ„€λͺ…μ˜ˆμ‹œ (동사: talk)
과거이미 λλ‚œ 일talked (λ§ν–ˆλ‹€)
ν˜„μž¬μ§€κΈˆ ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 일talk / talks (λ§ν•˜λ‹€)
λ―Έλž˜μ•žμœΌλ‘œ ν•  일will talk (말할 것이닀)

πŸ’‘ λ™μ‚¬μ˜ κΈ°λ³Έν˜•μ€ β€œto + 동사”
예: to talk, to eat, to run


🧱 λ™μ‚¬μ˜ μ’…λ₯˜

1. βœ… λ™μž‘ 동사 (Action Verbs)

  • μ‹€μ œλ‘œ λ­”κ°€λ₯Ό ν•˜λŠ” 동사!
  • 예: run, jump, eat, swim, write

예문:
"The cat licks its paw."

  • licks β†’ λ™μž‘ 동사 (ν•₯λŠ”λ‹€)

2. 🀝 쑰동사 (Helping Verbs / Auxiliary Verbs)

  • μ£Όμš” 동사(main verb)λ₯Ό λ„μ™€μ£ΌλŠ” μ—­ν• 
  • 예: is, are, was, were, has, will, can, should

예문:
"The cat is licking its paw."

  • is β†’ 쑰동사
  • licking β†’ μ£Όμš” 동사

πŸ‘‰ ν•¨κ»˜ μ‘°ν•©λ˜μ–΄ ν˜„μž¬μ§„ν–‰ν˜•μ„ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μš”.


3. 🌟 μ‘°λ™μ‚¬μ˜ νŠΉλ³„ν•œ ν˜•νƒœ: λͺ¨λ‹¬ 동사 (Modal Verbs)

  • κ°€λŠ₯μ„±, λŠ₯λ ₯, ν—ˆλ½ 등을 λ‚˜νƒ€λƒ„
  • 예: can, could, will, would, may, might, shall, should, must

예문:
"The cat could lick its paw."

  • could β†’ 쑰동사 (κ°€λŠ₯μ„± ν‘œν˜„)
  • lick β†’ μ£Όμš” 동사

🎯 μ—°μŠ΅ 예제 ν•¨κ»˜ 보기

1. "The cat licks its paw."

  • 동사: licks (λ™μž‘ 동사, ν˜„μž¬ μ‹œμ œ)

2. "The cat is licking its paw."

  • 쑰동사: is
  • μ£Όμš” 동사: licking (ν˜„μž¬ μ§„ν–‰ν˜•)

3. "The cat could lick its paw."

  • 쑰동사: could (λͺ¨λ‹¬ 동사)
  • μ£Όμš” 동사: lick

4. "She is dancing on the table."

  • 쑰동사: is
  • μ£Όμš” 동사: dancing (ν˜„μž¬ μ§„ν–‰ν˜•)

5. "He could be a bear in the cave."

  • 쑰동사: could
  • μ£Όμš” 동사: be (쑴재λ₯Ό 말함)

βœ… 핡심 정리

λ¬Έμž₯주어동사(쑰동사 + μ£Όμš” 동사)동사 μœ ν˜•
The dog runs the street.the dogrunsλ™μž‘ 동사
The cat is licking its paw.the catis + licking쑰동사 + λ™μž‘ 동사
She is dancing.sheis + dancing쑰동사 + λ™μž‘ 동사
He could be a bear.hecould + be쑰동사 + 쑴재 동사
The cat licked its paw.the catlickedκ³Όκ±°ν˜• λ™μž‘ 동사

🌟 1. 타동사 (Transitive Verb)

  • μ •μ˜: λͺ©μ μ–΄κ°€ κΌ­ ν•„μš”ν•΄μš”! μ£Όμ–΄κ°€ μ–΄λ–€ 행동을 ν•˜κ³  κ·Έ 행동을 λ°›λŠ” λŒ€μƒ(λͺ©μ μ–΄)이 μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό λ¬Έμž₯이 μ™„μ„±λΌμš”.

예문

  • Jeff kicked the ball.

    • Jeff (μ£Όμ–΄) + kicked (동사) + the ball (λͺ©μ μ–΄)
    • β€˜Jeffκ°€ 곡을 찼닀’ β†’ 무엇을 μ°Όμ–΄μš”? κ³΅μ„μš”! β†’ 곡이 λͺ©μ μ–΄μ—μš”.
  • Max threw Alice a baseball.

    • Max (μ£Όμ–΄) + threw (동사) + Alice (κ°„μ ‘ λͺ©μ μ–΄) + a baseball (직접 λͺ©μ μ–΄)
    • β€˜λ§₯μŠ€κ°€ μ•¨λ¦¬μŠ€μ—κ²Œ 야ꡬ곡을 λ˜μ‘Œλ‹€β€™
      • 야ꡬ곡을 β†’ 직접 λͺ©μ μ–΄
      • μ•¨λ¦¬μŠ€μ—κ²Œ β†’ κ°„μ ‘ λͺ©μ μ–΄

πŸ’‘ κ°„μ ‘ λͺ©μ μ–΄λŠ” "λˆ„κ΅¬μ—κ²Œ", 직접 λͺ©μ μ–΄λŠ” "무엇을" μƒκ°ν•˜λ©΄ μ‰¬μ›Œμš”!


🌟 2. μžλ™μ‚¬ (Intransitive Verb)

  • μ •μ˜: λͺ©μ μ–΄κ°€ ν•„μš” μ—†μ–΄μš”! 행동은 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ κ·Έ 행동이 λˆ„κ΅¬μ—κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ” 건 μ•„λ‹˜. κ·Έλƒ₯ μ£Όμ–΄ 혼자 ν–‰λ™ν•΄μš”.

예문

  • She cried.

    • She (μ£Όμ–΄) + cried (μžλ™μ‚¬)
    • κ·Έλ…€κ°€ μšΈμ—ˆλ‹€. β†’ λˆ„κ΅¬μ—κ²Œ 운 건 μ•„λ‹ˆμ—μš”. κ·Έλƒ₯ μšΈμ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
  • He slept after dinner.

    • He (μ£Όμ–΄) + slept (μžλ™μ‚¬) + after dinner (뢀사ꡬ)
    • β€˜κ·ΈλŠ” 저녁식사 후에 μž€λ‹€β€™ β†’ β€˜μž€λ‹€β€™λŠ” λ™μž‘μ— λŒ€ν•΄ β€˜λˆ„κ°€ λ°›λŠ”β€™ λŒ€μƒμ΄ μ—†μ–΄μš”.
  • The car blew up.

    • The car (μ£Όμ–΄) + blew up (μžλ™μ‚¬)
    • μ°¨κ°€ ν­λ°œν–ˆλ‹€. β†’ λŒ€μƒμ΄ μ—†κ³ , κ·Έλƒ₯ β€˜ν­λ°œβ€™ν•œ κ±°μ£ .

🌟 3. μ—°κ²° 동사 (Linking Verb)

  • μ •μ˜: 행동이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ, μ£Όμ–΄μ˜ μƒνƒœλ‚˜ 정체λ₯Ό μ„€λͺ…ν•΄μ£ΌλŠ” λ™μ‚¬μ˜ˆμš”. 주어와 보어(μ„€λͺ…)λ₯Ό μ—°κ²°λ§Œ ν•΄μ€˜μš”.

자주 μ“°λŠ” μ—°κ²° 동사

  • be, become, seem, look, feel, appear λ“±

예문

  • Eric is a doctor.

    • Eric (μ£Όμ–΄) + is (μ—°κ²° 동사) + a doctor (보어)
    • 에릭은 μ˜μ‚¬μ΄λ‹€. β†’ 행동이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ μ—λ¦­μ˜ μƒνƒœλ₯Ό λ§ν•΄μš”.
  • The soup smells good.

    • The soup (μ£Όμ–΄) + smells (μ—°κ²° 동사) + good (ν˜•μš©μ‚¬ 보어)
    • μˆ˜ν”„κ°€ λ§›μžˆλŠ” λƒ„μƒˆκ°€ λ‚˜μš” β†’ 'λƒ„μƒˆ'λŠ” λ™μž‘μ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ μƒνƒœλ₯Ό μ„€λͺ…!
  • She became angry.

    • She (μ£Όμ–΄) + became (μ—°κ²° 동사) + angry (ν˜•μš©μ‚¬ 보어)
    • κ·Έλ…€λŠ” ν™”κ°€ 났닀 β†’ μƒνƒœμ˜ λ³€ν™”

🎯 볡슡 포인트 정리

λ¬Έμž₯ μ’…λ₯˜μ„€λͺ…μ˜ˆμ‹œ
타동사 λ¬Έμž₯λͺ©μ μ–΄ κΌ­ 있음I ate a cake.
μžλ™μ‚¬ λ¬Έμž₯λͺ©μ μ–΄ μ—†μŒShe cried.
μ—°κ²° 동사 λ¬Έμž₯μ£Όμ–΄ μ„€λͺ…He is tired.

🌟 1. λ¬Έμž₯의 λΌˆλŒ€: λͺ…사 + 동사

λ¬Έμž₯을 κ΅¬μ„±ν•˜λŠ” κ°€μž₯ 기본은 λͺ…사(noun)와 동사(verb)μ˜ˆμš”.

μ˜ˆμ‹œ

  • Dog runs. β†’ "κ°œκ°€ 달린닀"
  • 이 λ¬Έμž₯λ§ŒμœΌλ‘œλ„ λŒ€λž΅ μ–΄λ–€ 상황인지 이해 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜μ£ ?

ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, μ–Έμ œ, μ–΄λ””μ„œ, μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ, ν˜Ήμ€ μ–΄λ–€ κ°œμΈμ§€ μ•Œκ³  μ‹Άλ‹€λ©΄?
β†’ 더 λ§Žμ€ 단어가 ν•„μš”ν•΄μš”!


🌈 2. ν˜•μš©μ‚¬ (Adjective)

  • ν˜•μš©μ‚¬λŠ” λͺ…사λ₯Ό κΎΈλ©°μš”.
  • "μ–΄λ–€?", "무슨?" 이런 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— λ‹΅ν•΄μ£ΌλŠ” 말.

μ˜ˆμ‹œ

  • Brown dog β†’ κ°ˆμƒ‰ 개
  • Old street β†’ 였래된 거리
  • λ¬Έμž₯: The brown dog runs on the old street.
    β†’ κ°ˆμƒ‰ κ°œκ°€ 였래된 κ±°λ¦¬μ—μ„œ 달리고 μžˆμ–΄μš”.

πŸ’‘ ν˜•μš©μ‚¬λŠ” λͺ…사 μ•žμ— λ‚˜μ™€μ„œ λͺ…사λ₯Ό μ„€λͺ…ν•΄μš”.


πŸš€ 3. 뢀사 (Adverb)

  • λΆ€μ‚¬λŠ” 동사, ν˜•μš©μ‚¬, λ‹€λ₯Έ 뢀사λ₯Ό κΎΈλ©°μ€˜μš”.
  • "μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ?", "μ–Έμ œ?", "μ–΄λ””μ„œ?" 같은 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— λ‹΅ν•΄μš”.

μ˜ˆμ‹œ

  • runs quickly β†’ λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ 달린닀
  • λ¬Έμž₯: The dog runs quickly.
    β†’ κ°œκ°€ λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ 달린닀.

πŸ’‘ λΆ€μ‚¬μ˜ μœ„μΉ˜λŠ” λ‹€μ–‘ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, 보톡 동사 μ˜†μ΄λ‚˜ λ¬Έμž₯ 끝에 λ‚˜μ™€μš”.


🧭 4. ν•œμ •μ‚¬ (Determiner)

  • λͺ…사 μ•žμ— λ‚˜μ™€μ„œ μˆ˜λŸ‰, 정체, μ†Œμœ  등을 μ•Œλ €μ€˜μš”.
  • μ’…λ₯˜: 관사(articles), μ§€μ‹œμ‚¬(demonstratives), μˆ˜λŸ‰μ‚¬(quantifiers), 뢄배사(distributives) λ“±

πŸ“Œ 4-1. 관사 (Articles)

  • λͺ…사 μ•žμ—μ„œ κ·Έ λͺ…사가 μ–΄λ–€ 것인지 μ•Œλ €μ€˜μš”.
  • a/an: 일반적인 것
  • the: νŠΉμ •ν•œ 것

μ˜ˆμ‹œ

  • a dog: μ–΄λ–€ 개
  • the dog: κ·Έ 개 (이미 μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•œ 개)

λ¬Έμž₯ 비ꡐ:

  • A dog is running. β†’ (μ–΄λ–€) κ°œκ°€ 달리고 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
  • The dog is running. β†’ (이미 μ•Œκ³  μžˆλŠ”) κ·Έ κ°œκ°€ 달리고 μžˆμ–΄μš”.

πŸ“Œ 4-2. μ§€μ‹œμ‚¬ (Demonstratives)

  • this, that, these, those
  • 이것/저것/이것듀/저것듀 같은 ν‘œν˜„

μ˜ˆμ‹œ

  • This cat is mine. β†’ 이 κ³ μ–‘μ΄λŠ” λ‚΄ κ±°μ•Ό.
  • That cat is yours. β†’ μ € κ³ μ–‘μ΄λŠ” λ„€ κ±°μ•Ό.

πŸ“Œ 4-3. μˆ˜λŸ‰μ‚¬ (Quantifiers)

  • μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ λ§Žκ±°λ‚˜ 적은지 μ•Œλ €μ€˜μš”.
  • 예: some, many, few, much

μ˜ˆμ‹œ

  • Many people eat meat, but some do not.
    β†’ λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ κ³ κΈ°λ₯Ό λ¨Ήμ§€λ§Œ, μΌλΆ€λŠ” λ¨Ήμ§€ μ•Šμ•„μš”.

πŸ“Œ 4-4. 뢄배사 (Distributives)

  • 집단 μ•ˆμ˜ 각각을 λ§ν•΄μš”.
  • 예: every, each, all

μ˜ˆμ‹œ

  • Every student will take the test.
    β†’ λͺ¨λ“  학생이 μ‹œν—˜μ„ λ³Ό κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
  • Each student has a different question.
    β†’ 학생 각자 λ‹€λ₯Έ 문제λ₯Ό κ°€μ§€κ³  μžˆμ–΄μš”.

πŸ“ μ‹€μ „ 예문 뢄석

1. The blue sky had gray clouds.

  • the: 관사
  • blue, gray: ν˜•μš©μ‚¬ (sky, clouds μ„€λͺ…)

2. The child slowly finished homework.

  • The: 관사
  • slowly: 뢀사 (finished 동사 μ„€λͺ…)

3. An orange is a fruit.

  • an: 관사 (λͺ¨μŒ μ†Œλ¦¬λ‘œ μ‹œμž‘ν•˜λŠ” λͺ…사 μ•ž)
  • 'a fruit'μ—μ„œλ„ aλŠ” κ΄€μ‚¬μ˜ˆμš”.

4. This cat is mine. That cat is yours.

  • This, that: μ§€μ‹œμ‚¬
  • 각각 고양이가 μ–΄λ–€ 것인지 μ•Œλ €μ€˜μš”.

5. Many people eat meat, but some do not.

  • many, some: μˆ˜λŸ‰μ‚¬
  • μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ λ§Žμ€μ§€ μ•Œλ €μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.

6. Every animal is alive.

  • every: 뢄배사 (각각의 동물)
  • a: 관사 (a live thing)

πŸ” 정리: 말의 μ—­ν•  μš”μ•½

ν’ˆμ‚¬μ„€λͺ…μ˜ˆμ‹œ
ν˜•μš©μ‚¬λͺ…사 꾸밈brown dog, old street
뢀사동사 λ“± 꾸밈runs quickly, very fast
관사λͺ…사 μ•ž ν•œμ •a dog, the dog
μ§€μ‹œμ‚¬μ–΄λ–€ 것인지this cat, that ball
μˆ˜λŸ‰μ‚¬μˆ˜λŸ‰ μ•Œλ €μ€Œsome meat, many people
λΆ„λ°°μ‚¬ν•˜λ‚˜μ”©every student, each animal

🧱 μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬λž€?

μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬(preposition) λŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ 단어듀 μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ 관계λ₯Ό λ³΄μ—¬μ£ΌλŠ” 단어야.
예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄:

  • 어디에 μžˆλŠ”μ§€ (μž₯μ†Œ)
  • μ–Έμ œ μΌμ–΄λ‚¬λŠ”μ§€ (μ‹œκ°„)
  • μ–΄λ””λ‘œ μ›€μ§μ΄λŠ”μ§€ (λ°©ν–₯)

πŸ—ΊοΈ 1. μž₯μ†Œ(μœ„μΉ˜)λ₯Ό λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄λŠ” μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬

예문 1:

The dog runs down the street.
β†’ κ°œκ°€ 거리λ₯Ό μ•„λž˜λ‘œ 달리고 μžˆμ–΄μš”.

  • μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬: down
  • 의미: μ–΄λ””λ‘œ λ‹¬λ¦¬λŠ”μ§€ β†’ λ°©ν–₯

예문 2:

The dog runs on the street.
β†’ κ°œκ°€ 거리 μœ„μ—μ„œ 달리고 μžˆμ–΄μš”.

  • μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬: on
  • 의미: μ–΄λ””μ„œ λ‹¬λ¦¬λŠ”μ§€ β†’ μœ„μΉ˜

πŸ•°οΈ 2. μ‹œκ°„μ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄λŠ” μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬

예문 3:

School starts in September.
β†’ ν•™κ΅λŠ” 9월에 μ‹œμž‘ν•΄μš”.

  • μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬: in
  • 의미: μ–Έμ œ μ‹œμž‘ν•˜λŠ”μ§€

예문 4:

I swim at night.
β†’ λ‚˜λŠ” 밀에 μˆ˜μ˜ν•΄μš”.

  • μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬: at
  • 의미: μ‹œκ°„μ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λƒ„

🧭 3. μ›€μ§μž„(λ°©ν–₯)을 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄λŠ” μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬

예문 5:

Put the shoes in the box.
β†’ μ‹ λ°œμ„ μƒμž μ•ˆμ— λ„£μ–΄μ£Όμ„Έμš”.

  • μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬: in
  • 의미: μ–΄λ””λ‘œ 이동? β†’ μƒμž μ•ˆ

예문 6:

Tilt the box toward the wall.
β†’ μƒμžλ₯Ό λ²½ μͺ½μœΌλ‘œ κΈ°μšΈμ΄μ„Έμš”.

  • μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬: toward
  • 의미: μ–΄λŠ λ°©ν–₯으둜? β†’ λ²½ μͺ½

πŸ” μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬κ΅¬λž€?

μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬ + λͺ…μ‚¬λ‘œ 이루어진 덩어리λ₯Ό μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬κ΅¬ (prepositional phrase) 라고 ν•΄μš”.

μ˜ˆμ‹œ:

  • in September
  • down the street
  • toward the wall

이 덩어리 전체가 λ¬Έμž₯μ—μ„œ 뢀가적인 정보λ₯Ό μ€˜μš”.


πŸ§ͺ μ—°μŠ΅ 문제 같이 보기

λ¬Έμž₯ 1:

My birthday is on Friday.

  • μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬: on
  • 무슨 μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬? β†’ μ‹œκ°„ μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬

λ¬Έμž₯ 2:

Her house is on 1st Street.

  • μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬: on
  • 무슨 μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬? β†’ μž₯μ†Œ μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬

λ¬Έμž₯ 3:

He is driving to the store.

  • μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬: to
  • 무슨 μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬? β†’ 이동(λ°©ν–₯) μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬

🧠 정리!

μ—­ν• μ˜ˆμ‹œ μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬μ˜ˆλ¬Έ
μ‹œκ°„in, at, onat night, in September, on Friday
μž₯μ†Œon, in, underon the street, in the box
λ°©ν–₯to, toward, downto the store, toward the wall

πŸ“Œ μ ‘μ†μ‚¬λž€?

접속사 (Conjunction) λŠ” 단어, ꡬ, 절(λ¬Έμž₯)을 μ„œλ‘œ μ—°κ²°ν•˜λŠ” 단어야.
이걸 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ©΄ μ§§κ³  λ‹¨μˆœν•œ λ¬Έμž₯듀을 ν•˜λ‚˜λ‘œ λΆ€λ“œλŸ½κ²Œ μ—°κ²°ν•  수 μžˆμ–΄!

μ˜ˆμ‹œ:

  • "I have a dog." + "I have a cat." β†’
    πŸ‘‰ "I have a dog and a cat."

πŸ“š 접속사 μ’…λ₯˜λŠ” 3κ°€μ§€!

μ’…λ₯˜μ„€λͺ…μ˜ˆμ‹œ 접속사
λ“±μœ„ 접속사 (Coordinating)λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ λ¬Έμž₯μ΄λ‚˜ 단어λ₯Ό μ—°κ²°and, but, or, so, for, nor, yet
쒅속 접속사 (Subordinating)주절과 μ’…μ†μ ˆμ„ μ—°κ²°because, although, if, when, since
상관 접속사 (Correlative)쌍으둜 μ“°μ—¬ 두 μš”μ†Œλ₯Ό μ—°κ²°either ~ or, neither ~ nor, not only ~ but also

πŸ’‘ 1. λ“±μœ„ 접속사 (Coordinating Conjunctions)

λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ λ¬Έμž₯μ΄λ‚˜ 단어λ₯Ό μ—°κ²°ν•  λ•Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μš”.

팬보이(FANBOYS) 둜 μ™Έμš°λ©΄ μ’‹μ•„μš”!
For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So

βœ… μ˜ˆμ‹œ:

"I like dogs." + "I like cats."
β†’ "I like dogs and cats."

"I don’t like blue." + "I like red."
β†’ "I don’t like blue, but I like red."

"The dog jumps." + "The dog runs."
β†’ "The dog jumps and runs."


πŸ’‘ 2. 쒅속 접속사 (Subordinating Conjunctions)

λ¬Έμž₯ μ•ˆμ—μ„œ 이유, 쑰건, μ‹œκ°„ λ“± 관계λ₯Ό λ³΄μ—¬μ£ΌλŠ” μ ‘μ†μ‚¬μ˜ˆμš”.
ν•œ λ¬Έμž₯이 λ‹€λ₯Έ λ¬Έμž₯에 μ˜μ‘΄ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ€˜μš”.

자주 μ“°λŠ” 쒅속 접속사:

  • because, although, if, when, since, while, after, before

βœ… μ˜ˆμ‹œ:

두 λ¬Έμž₯:

"It was hot."
"The ice cream melted."
β†’ "The ice cream melted because it was hot."
(μ™œ λ…Ήμ•˜λŠ”μ§€ 이유λ₯Ό μ„€λͺ…)

μœ„μΉ˜μ— 따라 μ‰Όν‘œ μ‚¬μš©:

  • 뒀에 μ’…μ†μ ˆ: *The ice cream melted because it was hot.* β†’ μ‰Όν‘œ ❌
  • μ•žμ— μ’…μ†μ ˆ: Because it was hot, the ice cream melted. β†’ μ‰Όν‘œ ⭕️

πŸ’‘ 3. 상관 접속사 (Correlative Conjunctions)

두 뢀뢄을 쌍으둜 μ—°κ²°ν•΄μ£ΌλŠ” μ ‘μ†μ‚¬μ˜ˆμš”.
짝꿍처럼 항상 ν•¨κ»˜ 써야 ν•΄μš”.

자주 μ“°λŠ” 상관 접속사:

  • either ~ or (A μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ B)
  • neither ~ nor (A도 B도 μ•„λ‹˜)
  • not only ~ but also (A뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ B도)

βœ… μ˜ˆμ‹œ:

"I don’t like pizza."
"I don’t like pasta."
β†’ "I like neither pizza nor pasta."
(ν”Όμžλ„ νŒŒμŠ€νƒ€λ„ μ•ˆ μ’‹μ•„ν•΄μš”)

"They play soccer."
"They play baseball."
β†’ "They not only play soccer but also play baseball."
(좕ꡬ도 ν•˜κ³  야ꡬ도 ν•΄μš”)


πŸ“ 예제 정리

μ—°κ²°ν•  λ¬Έμž₯접속사 μ‚¬μš© ν›„
I want chicken. I want fish.I want chicken or fish.
I don’t like blue. I like red.I don’t like blue, but I like red.
It rained today. I got wet.I got wet because it rained today.
The dog jumps. The dog runs.The dog jumps and runs.
They play soccer. They play baseball.They not only play soccer but also play baseball.
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ITλ₯Ό μ’‹μ•„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

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