μ΄ λ΄μ©μ μμ΄ λ¬Έμ₯μ κ°μ₯ κΈ°λ³Έμ μΈ κ΅¬μ‘°μ κ°λ
μ μ€λͺ
νλ κ°μμ
λλ€. μμ£Ό κΈ°μ΄λΆν° μ°¨κ·Όμ°¨κ·Ό μ€λͺ
νκ³ μμ΄μ μμ΄λ₯Ό μ²μ λ°°μ°λ μ¬λμκ² λ± μ’μμ. μλμ κ°λ¨ν μ€λͺ
κ³Ό μμ λ₯Ό ν¨κ» μ 리ν΄λ³Όκ²μ. μ΄ν΄λ₯Ό λκΈ° μν΄ νκ΅μ΄μ μμ΄λ₯Ό λ³νν΄μ μ€λͺ
ν κ²μ.
π§± μμ΄ λ¬Έμ₯μ κΈ°λ³Έ ꡬ쑰: μ£Όμ΄(Subject) + μ μ΄(Predicate)
μμ΄ λ¬Έμ₯μ κΈ°λ³Έμ μΌλ‘ νλμ μκ°(one complete thought) μ λ΄κ³ μμ΄μΌ ν΄μ.
κ·Έ μκ°μ μμ±νλ €λ©΄ λ°λμ λ κ°μ§κ° νμν©λλ€:
- μ£Όμ΄ (Subject) β λ¬Έμ₯μ μ£ΌμΈκ³΅. "λκ°?" λλ "무μμ΄?"
- μ μ΄ (Predicate) β μ£Όμ΄κ° 무μμ νλμ§, μ΄λ€ μνμΈμ§ μλ €μ£Όλ λΆλΆ
π μμλ‘ λ³΄λ λ¬Έμ₯ ꡬ쑰
μμ 1:
"The dog runs the street."
- πΆ μ£Όμ΄(Subject): The dog β μ΄ λ¬Έμ₯μ μ£ΌμΈκ³΅, κ°
- πββοΈ μ μ΄(Predicate): runs the street β κ°κ° 무μμ νλμ§ μ€λͺ
μ΄ λ¬Έμ₯μ "κ°κ° 거리λ₯Ό λ¬λ¦°λ€"λ μλ―Έμ
λλ€.
μμ 2:
"The cat jumps on the bed."
- μ£Όμ΄: The cat
- μ μ΄: jumps on the bed
ν΄μ: κ³ μμ΄κ° μΉ¨λ μλ‘ μ ννλ€
μμ 3:
"The mouse eats the cheese."
- μ£Όμ΄: The mouse
- μ μ΄: eats the cheese
ν΄μ: μμ₯κ° μΉμ¦λ₯Ό λ¨Ήλλ€
μμ 4:
"The bird is in the sky."
- μ£Όμ΄: The bird
- μ μ΄: is in the sky
ν΄μ: μκ° νλμ μλ€
βοΈ μ°μ΅ λ¬Έμ μ λ΅
μ°μ΅ 1:
"The man ate pizza."
- μ£Όμ΄: The man
- μ μ΄: ate pizza
μ°μ΅ 2:
"Adam went to school."
- μ£Όμ΄: Adam
- μ μ΄: went to school
μ°μ΅ 3:
"The bear slept in the cave."
- μ£Όμ΄: The bear
- μ μ΄: slept in the cave
π οΈ λ¨μ΄ μμ λ§μΆκΈ° (μ¬λ°°μ΄ μ°μ΅)
μ£Όμ΄μ§ λ¨μ΄: "is", "the boat", "sinking"
β λ°λ₯Έ λ¬Έμ₯: "The boat is sinking."
π λ¬Έμ₯μ νμ₯νκΈ°
κΈ°λ³Έ λ¬Έμ₯μμ μ μ μ 보λ₯Ό μΆκ°ν΄μ λ¬Έμ₯μ λ νλΆνκ² λ§λ€ μ μμ΄μ:
- κΈ°λ³Έ λ¬Έμ₯: The dog eats food.
- νμ₯ 1: The big dog eats food quickly.
- νμ₯ 2: The big dog eats food quickly under the bed.
- νμ₯ 3: This big dog eats food quickly under the bed.
- νμ₯ 4: This big dog eats food quickly under the bed and drinks water.
μ΄λ κ² λ¬Έμ₯μ μ μ λ ꡬ체μ μ΄κ³ νλΆν΄μ§ μ μμ΄μ.
π λ€μμ λ°°μΈ κ²λ€
μ΄νμλ μμ΄ λ¬Έμ₯μ ꡬμ±νλ μ€μν νμ¬(Parts of Speech) μ λν΄ λ°°μΈ κ±°μμ:
- λͺ
μ¬ (Noun) β μ¬λ, μ₯μ, μ¬λ¬Ό
- λμ¬ (Verb) β νλ, μν
- νμ©μ¬ (Adjective) β λͺ
μ¬λ₯Ό κΎΈλ©°μ€
- λΆμ¬ (Adverb) β λμ¬λ νμ©μ¬ λ±μ κΎΈλ©°μ€
- μ μΉμ¬ (Preposition) β μμΉ, λ°©ν₯ λ±
- μ μμ¬ (Conjunction) β λ¬Έμ₯μ΄λ λ¨μ΄λ₯Ό μ°κ²°ν¨
π λ§λ¬΄λ¦¬ μμ½
μμ΄ λ¬Έμ₯μ κΈ°λ³Έμ μΌλ‘:
μ£Όμ΄ + μ μ΄(λμ¬ + λͺ©μ μ΄) κ΅¬μ‘°λ‘ μ΄λ£¨μ΄μ Έ μμ΄μ.
μ΄ μμλ₯Ό μ νν μ΄ν΄νλ©΄, μμ΄ λ¬Έμ₯μ ν¨μ¬ μ½κ² λ§λ€κ³ μ΄ν΄ν μ μμ΅λλ€!
π‘ λͺ
μ¬λ?
λͺ
μ¬λ μ¬λ, μ₯μ, μ¬λ¬Ό, λλ¬Ό, κ°μ μ λνλ΄λ λ¨μ΄μμ.
μ:
- μ¬λ: man, girl, teacher
- μ₯μ: school, New York, space
- μ¬λ¬Ό: book, desk, phone
- λλ¬Ό: dog, cat, bird
- κ°μ : love, anger, happiness
π§± μλ¬Έ λΆμ
λ¬Έμ₯:
"The dog runs the street."
ν΄μ: κ·Έ κ°λ κΈΈμ λ¬λ¦½λλ€.
- dog β λͺ
μ¬ (μ¬λμ΄ μλ λλ¬Όμ΄μ£ !) β μ£Όμ΄(subject)
- street β λͺ
μ¬ (μ₯μ) β λͺ©μ μ΄(object)
μ¦, λ¬Έμ₯μ μ£Όμ΄μ λͺ©μ μ΄λ λͺ¨λ λͺ
μ¬μμ!
π€ λͺ
μ¬μ μ’
λ₯
1. μ¬λ (People)
- μ: firefighter, teacher, woman
2. μ₯μ (Places)
3. μ¬λ¬Ό (Things)
4. λλ¬Ό (Animals)
5. κ°μ (Feelings)
- μ: happiness, fear, love
π’ λ¨μ vs 볡μ λͺ
μ¬
| κ΅¬λΆ | μ€λͺ
| μμ |
|---|
| λ¨μ | ν κ°λ§ μμ λ | dog, chair, girl |
| 볡μ | μ¬λ¬ κ°μΌ λ, λ³΄ν΅ -s λλ -es λ₯Ό λΆμ | dogs, chairs, boxes |
| νΉμ΄ν 볡μ | yλ‘ λλλ©΄ β iesλ‘ λ°κΏ | cherry β cherries |
π§Ύ κ³ μ λͺ
μ¬ vs λ³΄ν΅ λͺ
μ¬ vs λλͺ
μ¬
| κ΅¬λΆ | μ€λͺ
| μμ |
|---|
| κ³ μ λͺ
μ¬ | νΉμ ν μ¬λμ΄λ μ₯μ μ΄λ¦ (νμ λλ¬Έμ) | Elizabeth, Paris, Korea |
| λ³΄ν΅ λͺ
μ¬ | μΌλ°μ μΈ μ¬λ/μ₯μ/μ¬λ¬Ό μ΄λ¦ | city, man, girl |
| λλͺ
μ¬ | λͺ
μ¬λ₯Ό λμ νλ λ¨μ΄ | he, she, it, they |
π§ μ°μ΅ μμ μ€λͺ
λ¬Έμ₯:
"The mountain has trees, rivers, and lakes."
ν΄μ: μ°μλ λ무, κ°, νΈμκ° μλ€.
- mountain β 보ν΅λͺ
μ¬ (μ₯μ, λ¨μ)
- trees β 보ν΅λͺ
μ¬ (μ¬λ¬Ό, 볡μ)
- rivers β 보ν΅λͺ
μ¬ (μ₯μ, 볡μ)
- lakes β 보ν΅λͺ
μ¬ (μ₯μ, 볡μ)
λ¬Έμ₯:
"Queen Elizabeth sat on the bench."
ν΄μ: μ리μλ² μ€ μ¬μμ΄ λ²€μΉμ μμλ€.
- Queen Elizabeth β κ³ μ λͺ
μ¬ (νΉμ μΈλ¬Ό, λλ¬Έμ μ¬μ©)
- bench β 보ν΅λͺ
μ¬ (μ¬λ¬Ό, λ¨μ)
β
μ 리
λͺ
μ¬λ μμ΄ λ¬Έμ₯μ κΈ°λ³Έ μ¬λ£μ
λλ€!
λ¬Έμ₯μ λ§λ€ λλ λ³΄ν΅ β
μ£Όμ΄(λͺ
μ¬) + λμ¬ + λͺ©μ μ΄(λͺ
μ¬)
μ΄ μμλ‘ λ§λ€μ΄μ§μ£ .
μ:
"The cat (μ£Όμ΄) eats (λμ¬) fish (λͺ©μ μ΄)."
π‘ λμ¬λ?
λμ¬λ νλ(action), μν(state) λλ μ‘΄μ¬(be)λ₯Ό λνλ΄λ λ§μ΄μμ.
μμ΄ λ¬Έμ₯μμ μ μ΄(predicate)μ ν΅μ¬μ΄ λλ λ¨μ΄μμ.
μ:
- νλ: run(λ¬λ¦¬λ€), jump(μ ννλ€), eat(λ¨Ήλ€)
- μν/μ‘΄μ¬: is(μ΄λ€), are(μ΄λ€), was(μ΄μλ€)
π μλ¬Έ:
"The dog runs the street."
ν΄μ: κ°κ° κΈΈμ λ¬λ¦½λλ€.
- The dog β μ£Όμ΄ (λͺ
μ¬)
- runs β λμ¬ (κ°κ° "무μμ" νλμ? λ¬λ €μ!)
π μ¬κΈ°μ "runs"λ νλμ λνλ΄λ λμ λμ¬(action verb)μμ.
π λμ¬μ μμ (Tense)
λμ¬λ μΈμ μΌμ΄λ¬λμ§μ λ°λΌ ννκ° λ°λμ΄μ:
| μμ | μ€λͺ
| μμ (λμ¬: talk) |
|---|
| κ³Όκ±° | μ΄λ―Έ λλ μΌ | talked (λ§νλ€) |
| νμ¬ | μ§κΈ νκ³ μλ μΌ | talk / talks (λ§νλ€) |
| λ―Έλ | μμΌλ‘ ν μΌ | will talk (λ§ν κ²μ΄λ€) |
π‘ λμ¬μ κΈ°λ³Ένμ βto + λμ¬β
μ: to talk, to eat, to run
π§± λμ¬μ μ’
λ₯
1. β
λμ λμ¬ (Action Verbs)
- μ€μ λ‘ λκ°λ₯Ό νλ λμ¬!
- μ: run, jump, eat, swim, write
μλ¬Έ:
"The cat licks its paw."
- licks β λμ λμ¬ (ν₯λλ€)
2. π€ μ‘°λμ¬ (Helping Verbs / Auxiliary Verbs)
- μ£Όμ λμ¬(main verb)λ₯Ό λμμ£Όλ μν
- μ: is, are, was, were, has, will, can, should
μλ¬Έ:
"The cat is licking its paw."
- is β μ‘°λμ¬
- licking β μ£Όμ λμ¬
π ν¨κ» μ‘°ν©λμ΄ νμ¬μ§ννμ λ§λ€μ΄μ.
3. π μ‘°λμ¬μ νΉλ³ν νν: λͺ¨λ¬ λμ¬ (Modal Verbs)
- κ°λ₯μ±, λ₯λ ₯, νλ½ λ±μ λνλ
- μ: can, could, will, would, may, might, shall, should, must
μλ¬Έ:
"The cat could lick its paw."
- could β μ‘°λμ¬ (κ°λ₯μ± νν)
- lick β μ£Όμ λμ¬
π― μ°μ΅ μμ ν¨κ» 보기
1. "The cat licks its paw."
- λμ¬: licks (λμ λμ¬, νμ¬ μμ )
2. "The cat is licking its paw."
- μ‘°λμ¬: is
- μ£Όμ λμ¬: licking (νμ¬ μ§νν)
3. "The cat could lick its paw."
- μ‘°λμ¬: could (λͺ¨λ¬ λμ¬)
- μ£Όμ λμ¬: lick
4. "She is dancing on the table."
- μ‘°λμ¬: is
- μ£Όμ λμ¬: dancing (νμ¬ μ§νν)
5. "He could be a bear in the cave."
- μ‘°λμ¬: could
- μ£Όμ λμ¬: be (μ‘΄μ¬λ₯Ό λ§ν¨)
β
ν΅μ¬ μ 리
| λ¬Έμ₯ | μ£Όμ΄ | λμ¬(μ‘°λμ¬ + μ£Όμ λμ¬) | λμ¬ μ ν |
|---|
| The dog runs the street. | the dog | runs | λμ λμ¬ |
| The cat is licking its paw. | the cat | is + licking | μ‘°λμ¬ + λμ λμ¬ |
| She is dancing. | she | is + dancing | μ‘°λμ¬ + λμ λμ¬ |
| He could be a bear. | he | could + be | μ‘°λμ¬ + μ‘΄μ¬ λμ¬ |
| The cat licked its paw. | the cat | licked | κ³Όκ±°ν λμ λμ¬ |
π 1. νλμ¬ (Transitive Verb)
- μ μ: λͺ©μ μ΄κ° κΌ νμν΄μ! μ£Όμ΄κ° μ΄λ€ νλμ νκ³ κ·Έ νλμ λ°λ λμ(λͺ©μ μ΄)μ΄ μμ΄μΌ λ¬Έμ₯μ΄ μμ±λΌμ.
μλ¬Έ
π‘ κ°μ λͺ©μ μ΄λ "λꡬμκ²", μ§μ λͺ©μ μ΄λ "무μμ" μκ°νλ©΄ μ¬μμ!
π 2. μλμ¬ (Intransitive Verb)
- μ μ: λͺ©μ μ΄κ° νμ μμ΄μ! νλμ μμ§λ§ κ·Έ νλμ΄ λꡬμκ² νλ 건 μλ. κ·Έλ₯ μ£Όμ΄ νΌμ νλν΄μ.
μλ¬Έ
-
She cried.
- She (μ£Όμ΄) + cried (μλμ¬)
- κ·Έλ
κ° μΈμλ€. β λꡬμκ² μ΄ κ±΄ μλμμ. κ·Έλ₯ μΈμμ΄μ.
-
He slept after dinner.
- He (μ£Όμ΄) + slept (μλμ¬) + after dinner (λΆμ¬κ΅¬)
- βκ·Έλ μ λ
μμ¬ νμ μ€λ€β β βμ€λ€βλ λμμ λν΄ βλκ° λ°λβ λμμ΄ μμ΄μ.
-
The car blew up.
- The car (μ£Όμ΄) + blew up (μλμ¬)
- μ°¨κ° νλ°νλ€. β λμμ΄ μκ³ , κ·Έλ₯ βνλ°βν κ±°μ£ .
π 3. μ°κ²° λμ¬ (Linking Verb)
- μ μ: νλμ΄ μλλΌ, μ£Όμ΄μ μνλ μ 체λ₯Ό μ€λͺ
ν΄μ£Όλ λμ¬μμ. μ£Όμ΄μ 보μ΄(μ€λͺ
)λ₯Ό μ°κ²°λ§ ν΄μ€μ.
μμ£Ό μ°λ μ°κ²° λμ¬
- be, become, seem, look, feel, appear λ±
μλ¬Έ
-
Eric is a doctor.
- Eric (μ£Όμ΄) + is (μ°κ²° λμ¬) + a doctor (보μ΄)
- μλ¦μ μμ¬μ΄λ€. β νλμ΄ μλλΌ μλ¦μ μνλ₯Ό λ§ν΄μ.
-
The soup smells good.
- The soup (μ£Όμ΄) + smells (μ°κ²° λμ¬) + good (νμ©μ¬ 보μ΄)
- μνκ° λ§μλ λμκ° λμ β 'λμ'λ λμμ΄ μλλΌ μνλ₯Ό μ€λͺ
!
-
She became angry.
- She (μ£Όμ΄) + became (μ°κ²° λμ¬) + angry (νμ©μ¬ 보μ΄)
- κ·Έλ
λ νκ° λ¬λ€ β μνμ λ³ν
π― λ³΅μ΅ ν¬μΈνΈ μ 리
| λ¬Έμ₯ μ’
λ₯ | μ€λͺ
| μμ |
|---|
| νλμ¬ λ¬Έμ₯ | λͺ©μ μ΄ κΌ μμ | I ate a cake. |
| μλμ¬ λ¬Έμ₯ | λͺ©μ μ΄ μμ | She cried. |
| μ°κ²° λμ¬ λ¬Έμ₯ | μ£Όμ΄ μ€λͺ
| He is tired. |
π 1. λ¬Έμ₯μ λΌλ: λͺ
μ¬ + λμ¬
λ¬Έμ₯μ ꡬμ±νλ κ°μ₯ κΈ°λ³Έμ λͺ
μ¬(noun)μ λμ¬(verb)μμ.
μμ
- Dog runs. β "κ°κ° λ¬λ¦°λ€"
- μ΄ λ¬Έμ₯λ§μΌλ‘λ λλ΅ μ΄λ€ μν©μΈμ§ μ΄ν΄ κ°λ₯νμ£ ?
νμ§λ§, μΈμ , μ΄λμ, μ΄λ»κ², νΉμ μ΄λ€ κ°μΈμ§ μκ³ μΆλ€λ©΄?
β λ λ§μ λ¨μ΄κ° νμν΄μ!
π 2. νμ©μ¬ (Adjective)
- νμ©μ¬λ λͺ
μ¬λ₯Ό κΎΈλ©°μ.
- "μ΄λ€?", "무μ¨?" μ΄λ° μ§λ¬Έμ λ΅ν΄μ£Όλ λ§.
μμ
- Brown dog β κ°μ κ°
- Old street β μ€λλ 거리
- λ¬Έμ₯: The brown dog runs on the old street.
β κ°μ κ°κ° μ€λλ 거리μμ λ¬λ¦¬κ³ μμ΄μ.
π‘ νμ©μ¬λ λͺ
μ¬ μμ λμμ λͺ
μ¬λ₯Ό μ€λͺ
ν΄μ.
π 3. λΆμ¬ (Adverb)
- λΆμ¬λ λμ¬, νμ©μ¬, λ€λ₯Έ λΆμ¬λ₯Ό κΎΈλ©°μ€μ.
- "μ΄λ»κ²?", "μΈμ ?", "μ΄λμ?" κ°μ μ§λ¬Έμ λ΅ν΄μ.
μμ
- runs quickly β λΉ λ₯΄κ² λ¬λ¦°λ€
- λ¬Έμ₯: The dog runs quickly.
β κ°κ° λΉ λ₯΄κ² λ¬λ¦°λ€.
π‘ λΆμ¬μ μμΉλ λ€μνμ§λ§, λ³΄ν΅ λμ¬ μμ΄λ λ¬Έμ₯ λμ λμμ.
π§ 4. νμ μ¬ (Determiner)
- λͺ
μ¬ μμ λμμ μλ, μ 체, μμ λ±μ μλ €μ€μ.
- μ’
λ₯: κ΄μ¬(articles), μ§μμ¬(demonstratives), μλμ¬(quantifiers), λΆλ°°μ¬(distributives) λ±
π 4-1. κ΄μ¬ (Articles)
- λͺ
μ¬ μμμ κ·Έ λͺ
μ¬κ° μ΄λ€ κ²μΈμ§ μλ €μ€μ.
- a/an: μΌλ°μ μΈ κ²
- the: νΉμ ν κ²
μμ
- a dog: μ΄λ€ κ°
- the dog: κ·Έ κ° (μ΄λ―Έ μ΄μΌκΈ°ν κ°)
λ¬Έμ₯ λΉκ΅:
- A dog is running. β (μ΄λ€) κ°κ° λ¬λ¦¬κ³ μμ΄μ.
- The dog is running. β (μ΄λ―Έ μκ³ μλ) κ·Έ κ°κ° λ¬λ¦¬κ³ μμ΄μ.
π 4-2. μ§μμ¬ (Demonstratives)
- this, that, these, those
- μ΄κ²/μ κ²/μ΄κ²λ€/μ κ²λ€ κ°μ νν
μμ
- This cat is mine. β μ΄ κ³ μμ΄λ λ΄ κ±°μΌ.
- That cat is yours. β μ κ³ μμ΄λ λ€ κ±°μΌ.
π 4-3. μλμ¬ (Quantifiers)
- μΌλ§λ λ§κ±°λ μ μμ§ μλ €μ€μ.
- μ: some, many, few, much
μμ
- Many people eat meat, but some do not.
β λ§μ μ¬λλ€μ΄ κ³ κΈ°λ₯Ό λ¨Ήμ§λ§, μΌλΆλ λ¨Ήμ§ μμμ.
π 4-4. λΆλ°°μ¬ (Distributives)
- μ§λ¨ μμ κ°κ°μ λ§ν΄μ.
- μ: every, each, all
μμ
- Every student will take the test.
β λͺ¨λ νμμ΄ μνμ λ³Ό κ±°μμ.
- Each student has a different question.
β νμ κ°μ λ€λ₯Έ λ¬Έμ λ₯Ό κ°μ§κ³ μμ΄μ.
π μ€μ μλ¬Έ λΆμ
1. The blue sky had gray clouds.
- the: κ΄μ¬
- blue, gray: νμ©μ¬ (sky, clouds μ€λͺ
)
2. The child slowly finished homework.
- The: κ΄μ¬
- slowly: λΆμ¬ (finished λμ¬ μ€λͺ
)
3. An orange is a fruit.
- an: κ΄μ¬ (λͺ¨μ μλ¦¬λ‘ μμνλ λͺ
μ¬ μ)
- 'a fruit'μμλ aλ κ΄μ¬μμ.
4. This cat is mine. That cat is yours.
- This, that: μ§μμ¬
- κ°κ° κ³ μμ΄κ° μ΄λ€ κ²μΈμ§ μλ €μ€μ.
5. Many people eat meat, but some do not.
- many, some: μλμ¬
- μΌλ§λ λ§μμ§ μλ €μ€λλ€.
6. Every animal is alive.
- every: λΆλ°°μ¬ (κ°κ°μ λλ¬Ό)
- a: κ΄μ¬ (a live thing)
π μ 리: λ§μ μν μμ½
| νμ¬ | μ€λͺ
| μμ |
|---|
| νμ©μ¬ | λͺ
μ¬ κΎΈλ° | brown dog, old street |
| λΆμ¬ | λμ¬ λ± κΎΈλ° | runs quickly, very fast |
| κ΄μ¬ | λͺ
μ¬ μ νμ | a dog, the dog |
| μ§μμ¬ | μ΄λ€ κ²μΈμ§ | this cat, that ball |
| μλμ¬ | μλ μλ €μ€ | some meat, many people |
| λΆλ°°μ¬ | νλμ© | every student, each animal |
π§± μ μΉμ¬λ?
μ μΉμ¬(preposition) λ λ€λ₯Έ λ¨μ΄λ€ μ¬μ΄μ κ΄κ³λ₯Ό 보μ¬μ£Όλ λ¨μ΄μΌ.
μλ₯Ό λ€μ΄:
- μ΄λμ μλμ§ (μ₯μ)
- μΈμ μΌμ΄λ¬λμ§ (μκ°)
- μ΄λλ‘ μμ§μ΄λμ§ (λ°©ν₯)
πΊοΈ 1. μ₯μ(μμΉ)λ₯Ό λνλ΄λ μ μΉμ¬
μλ¬Έ 1:
The dog runs down the street.
β κ°κ° 거리λ₯Ό μλλ‘ λ¬λ¦¬κ³ μμ΄μ.
- μ μΉμ¬: down
- μλ―Έ: μ΄λλ‘ λ¬λ¦¬λμ§ β λ°©ν₯
μλ¬Έ 2:
The dog runs on the street.
β κ°κ° 거리 μμμ λ¬λ¦¬κ³ μμ΄μ.
- μ μΉμ¬: on
- μλ―Έ: μ΄λμ λ¬λ¦¬λμ§ β μμΉ
π°οΈ 2. μκ°μ λνλ΄λ μ μΉμ¬
μλ¬Έ 3:
School starts in September.
β νκ΅λ 9μμ μμν΄μ.
- μ μΉμ¬: in
- μλ―Έ: μΈμ μμνλμ§
μλ¬Έ 4:
I swim at night.
β λλ λ°€μ μμν΄μ.
- μ μΉμ¬: at
- μλ―Έ: μκ°μ λνλ
π§ 3. μμ§μ(λ°©ν₯)μ λνλ΄λ μ μΉμ¬
μλ¬Έ 5:
Put the shoes in the box.
β μ λ°μ μμ μμ λ£μ΄μ£ΌμΈμ.
- μ μΉμ¬: in
- μλ―Έ: μ΄λλ‘ μ΄λ? β μμ μ
μλ¬Έ 6:
Tilt the box toward the wall.
β μμλ₯Ό λ²½ μͺ½μΌλ‘ κΈ°μΈμ΄μΈμ.
- μ μΉμ¬: toward
- μλ―Έ: μ΄λ λ°©ν₯μΌλ‘? β λ²½ μͺ½
π μ μΉμ¬κ΅¬λ?
μ μΉμ¬ + λͺ
μ¬λ‘ μ΄λ£¨μ΄μ§ λ©μ΄λ¦¬λ₯Ό μ μΉμ¬κ΅¬ (prepositional phrase) λΌκ³ ν΄μ.
μμ:
- in September
- down the street
- toward the wall
μ΄ λ©μ΄λ¦¬ μ μ²΄κ° λ¬Έμ₯μμ λΆκ°μ μΈ μ 보λ₯Ό μ€μ.
π§ͺ μ°μ΅ λ¬Έμ κ°μ΄ 보기
λ¬Έμ₯ 1:
My birthday is on Friday.
- μ μΉμ¬: on
- λ¬΄μ¨ μ μΉμ¬? β μκ° μ μΉμ¬
λ¬Έμ₯ 2:
Her house is on 1st Street.
- μ μΉμ¬: on
- λ¬΄μ¨ μ μΉμ¬? β μ₯μ μ μΉμ¬
λ¬Έμ₯ 3:
He is driving to the store.
- μ μΉμ¬: to
- λ¬΄μ¨ μ μΉμ¬? β μ΄λ(λ°©ν₯) μ μΉμ¬
π§ μ 리!
| μν | μμ μ μΉμ¬ | μλ¬Έ |
|---|
| μκ° | in, at, on | at night, in September, on Friday |
| μ₯μ | on, in, under | on the street, in the box |
| λ°©ν₯ | to, toward, down | to the store, toward the wall |
π μ μμ¬λ?
μ μμ¬ (Conjunction) λ λ¨μ΄, ꡬ, μ (λ¬Έμ₯)μ μλ‘ μ°κ²°νλ λ¨μ΄μΌ.
μ΄κ±Έ μ¬μ©νλ©΄ μ§§κ³ λ¨μν λ¬Έμ₯λ€μ νλλ‘ λΆλλ½κ² μ°κ²°ν μ μμ΄!
μμ:
- "I have a dog." + "I have a cat." β
π "I have a dog and a cat."
π μ μμ¬ μ’
λ₯λ 3κ°μ§!
| μ’
λ₯ | μ€λͺ
| μμ μ μμ¬ |
|---|
| λ±μ μ μμ¬ (Coordinating) | λΉμ·ν λ¬Έμ₯μ΄λ λ¨μ΄λ₯Ό μ°κ²° | and, but, or, so, for, nor, yet |
| μ’
μ μ μμ¬ (Subordinating) | μ£Όμ κ³Ό μ’
μμ μ μ°κ²° | because, although, if, when, since |
| μκ΄ μ μμ¬ (Correlative) | μμΌλ‘ μ°μ¬ λ μμλ₯Ό μ°κ²° | either ~ or, neither ~ nor, not only ~ but also |
π‘ 1. λ±μ μ μμ¬ (Coordinating Conjunctions)
λΉμ·ν λ¬Έμ₯μ΄λ λ¨μ΄λ₯Ό μ°κ²°ν λ μ¬μ©ν΄μ.
ν¬λ³΄μ΄(FANBOYS) λ‘ μΈμ°λ©΄ μ’μμ!
For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So
β
μμ:
"I like dogs." + "I like cats."
β "I like dogs and cats."
"I donβt like blue." + "I like red."
β "I donβt like blue, but I like red."
"The dog jumps." + "The dog runs."
β "The dog jumps and runs."
π‘ 2. μ’
μ μ μμ¬ (Subordinating Conjunctions)
λ¬Έμ₯ μμμ μ΄μ , 쑰건, μκ° λ± κ΄κ³λ₯Ό 보μ¬μ£Όλ μ μμ¬μμ.
ν λ¬Έμ₯μ΄ λ€λ₯Έ λ¬Έμ₯μ μμ‘΄νκ² λ§λ€μ΄μ€μ.
μμ£Ό μ°λ μ’
μ μ μμ¬:
- because, although, if, when, since, while, after, before
β
μμ:
λ λ¬Έμ₯:
"It was hot."
"The ice cream melted."
β "The ice cream melted because it was hot."
(μ λ
Ήμλμ§ μ΄μ λ₯Ό μ€λͺ
)
μμΉμ λ°λΌ μΌν μ¬μ©:
- λ€μ μ’
μμ : *The ice cream melted because it was hot.* β μΌν β
- μμ μ’
μμ : Because it was hot, the ice cream melted. β μΌν βοΈ
π‘ 3. μκ΄ μ μμ¬ (Correlative Conjunctions)
λ λΆλΆμ μμΌλ‘ μ°κ²°ν΄μ£Όλ μ μμ¬μμ.
μ§κΏμ²λΌ νμ ν¨κ» μ¨μΌ ν΄μ.
μμ£Ό μ°λ μκ΄ μ μμ¬:
- either ~ or (A μλλ©΄ B)
- neither ~ nor (Aλ Bλ μλ)
- not only ~ but also (AλΏλ§ μλλΌ Bλ)
β
μμ:
"I donβt like pizza."
"I donβt like pasta."
β "I like neither pizza nor pasta."
(νΌμλ νμ€νλ μ μ’μν΄μ)
"They play soccer."
"They play baseball."
β "They not only play soccer but also play baseball."
(μΆκ΅¬λ νκ³ μΌκ΅¬λ ν΄μ)
π μμ μ 리
| μ°κ²°ν λ¬Έμ₯ | μ μμ¬ μ¬μ© ν |
|---|
| I want chicken. I want fish. | I want chicken or fish. |
| I donβt like blue. I like red. | I donβt like blue, but I like red. |
| It rained today. I got wet. | I got wet because it rained today. |
| The dog jumps. The dog runs. | The dog jumps and runs. |
| They play soccer. They play baseball. | They not only play soccer but also play baseball. |