타임어택 -1

1. 전역변수와 지역변수 구분하기

요구조건

아래 코드에서 a, b 변수가 지역변수인지 / 전역변수인지 구분하고, 코드 실행 없이 결과를 예상해서 적어주세요

풀이

a = 10

def test1():
    b = 20

def test2():
    print(a)
    print(b)

test1()
test2()
# a는 광역변수, b는 지역변수
# 실행이 잘 될까요? 에러가 발생한다
# 실행이 되지 않는다면 어떤 에러가 발생할까요? b라는 변수가 정의되지 않았기 때문에 NameError가 발생한다.

2. mutable과 immutable 구분하기

요구조건

mutable에 해당하는 자료형과 immutable에 해당하는 자료형을 적어주세요

풀이

mutable
- list, dict
immutable
- int, str, float, tuple

3. filter/map 혹은 리스트 축약식 활용해서 리스트 다뤄보기

요구조건

아래 문제를 filter와 map 함수 혹은 리스트 축약식을 활용해 풀어주세요
1. 1부터 10000까지의 숫자를 numbers 변수에 할당해주세요
2. 1부터 10000까지 숫자 중, 짝수에 해당하는 숫자만 even_numbers 변수에 할당해주세요
3. 1부터 10000까지의 숫자 중, 3의 배수이며 15의 배수가 아닌 숫자에 10을 곱하여 some_numbers 에 할당해주세요

풀이

numbers = list(range(1,10001))
print(numbers)

def get_even_numbers(numbers):
    result = [x for x in numbers if x % 2 == 0]
    return result

def get_some_numbers(numbers):
    some_numbers = [x for x in numbers if x % 3 == 0 and x % 15 != 0]
    result = list(map(lambda x: x*10, some_numbers))

def main():  
    numbers = list(range(1,10001))
    even_numbers = get_even_numbers(numbers)
    some_numbers = get_some_numbers(numbers)
    print(even_numbers) # [2, 4, 6, ...]
    print(some_numbers) # [30, 60, 90, 120, 180, ...]
    
main()

튜터님 풀이

def get_even_numbers(numbers):
    # case 1
    """
    result = [x for x in numbers if x%2 == 0]
    """
    # case 2
    result = list(filter(lambda x: x%2 == 0, numbers))
    return result

def get_some_numbers(numbers):
    # 3의 배수이자 15의 배수가 아닌 숫자 골라내기
    # 결과물에 10 곱해주기
    # case 1
    """
    result = list(filter(lambda x: x%3 == 0 and x%15 != 0, numbers))
    result = list(map(lambda x: x*10, result))
    """
    # case 2
    result = [x*10 for x in numbers if x%3 == 0 and x%15 != 0]
    
    return result

def main():
    # case 1
    """
    numbers = [] # 1 ~ 10000
    for i in range(1, 10001):
        numbers.append(i)
    """
    # case 2
    """
    numbers = list(range(1, 10001))
    """
    # case 3
    numbers = [x for x in range(1, 101)]
    even_numbers = get_even_numbers(numbers)
    some_numbers = get_some_numbers(numbers)
    print(even_numbers) # [2, 4, 6, ...]
    print(some_numbers) # [30, 60, 90, 120, 180, ...]
    
main()

4. lambda를 활용해서 정렬해보기

요구조건

아래 사용자들을 수학, 과학, 영어, 사회 점수의 총 합을 기준으로 총 합이 가장 높은 사람이 첫 번째에 오도록 정렬해주세요

풀이

from pprint import pprint

users = [
    {"name": "Ronald", "age": 30, "math_score": 93, "science_score": 65, "english_score": 93, "social_score": 92},
    {"name": "Amelia", "age": 24, "math_score": 88, "science_score": 52, "english_score": 78, "social_score": 91},
    {"name": "Nathaniel", "age": 28, "math_score": 48, "science_score": 40, "english_score": 49, "social_score": 91},
    {"name": "Sally", "age": 29, "math_score": 100, "science_score": 69, "english_score": 67, "social_score": 82},
    {"name": "Alexander", "age": 30, "math_score": 69, "science_score": 52, "english_score": 98, "social_score": 44},
    {"name": "Madge", "age": 22, "math_score": 52, "science_score": 63, "english_score": 54, "social_score": 47},
    {"name": "Trevor", "age": 23, "math_score": 89, "science_score": 88, "english_score": 69, "social_score": 93},
    {"name": "Andre", "age": 23, "math_score": 50, "science_score": 56, "english_score": 99, "social_score": 54},
    {"name": "Rodney", "age": 16, "math_score": 66, "science_score": 55, "english_score": 58, "social_score": 43},
    {"name": "Raymond", "age": 26, "math_score": 49, "science_score": 55, "english_score": 95, "social_score": 82},
    {"name": "Scott", "age": 15, "math_score": 85, "science_score": 92, "english_score": 56, "social_score": 85},
    {"name": "Jeanette", "age": 28, "math_score": 48, "science_score": 65, "english_score": 77, "social_score": 94},
    {"name": "Sallie", "age": 25, "math_score": 42, "science_score": 72, "english_score": 95, "social_score": 44},
    {"name": "Richard", "age": 21, "math_score": 71, "science_score": 95, "english_score": 61, "social_score": 59},
    {"name": "Callie", "age": 15, "math_score": 98, "science_score": 50, "english_score": 100, "social_score": 74},
]


users.sort(key=lambda x: -(x["math_score"]+x["science_score"]+x["english_score"]+x["social_score"]))

pprint(users, width=300, sort_dicts=False)
# 출력 결과
"""
[{'name': 'Ronald', 'age': 30, 'math_score': 93, 'science_score': 65, 'english_score': 93, 'social_score': 92},
 {'name': 'Trevor', 'age': 23, 'math_score': 89, 'science_score': 88, 'english_score': 69, 'social_score': 93},
 {'name': 'Callie', 'age': 15, 'math_score': 98, 'science_score': 50, 'english_score': 100, 'social_score': 74},
 {'name': 'Sally', 'age': 29, 'math_score': 100, 'science_score': 69, 'english_score': 67, 'social_score': 82},
 {'name': 'Scott', 'age': 15, 'math_score': 85, 'science_score': 92, 'english_score': 56, 'social_score': 85},
 {'name': 'Amelia', 'age': 24, 'math_score': 88, 'science_score': 52, 'english_score': 78, 'social_score': 91},
 {'name': 'Richard', 'age': 21, 'math_score': 71, 'science_score': 95, 'english_score': 61, 'social_score': 59},
 {'name': 'Jeanette', 'age': 28, 'math_score': 48, 'science_score': 65, 'english_score': 77, 'social_score': 94},
 {'name': 'Raymond', 'age': 26, 'math_score': 49, 'science_score': 55, 'english_score': 95, 'social_score': 82},
 {'name': 'Alexander', 'age': 30, 'math_score': 69, 'science_score': 52, 'english_score': 98, 'social_score': 44},
 {'name': 'Andre', 'age': 23, 'math_score': 50, 'science_score': 56, 'english_score': 99, 'social_score': 54},
 {'name': 'Sallie', 'age': 25, 'math_score': 42, 'science_score': 72, 'english_score': 95, 'social_score': 44},
 {'name': 'Nathaniel', 'age': 28, 'math_score': 48, 'science_score': 40, 'english_score': 49, 'social_score': 91},
 {'name': 'Rodney', 'age': 16, 'math_score': 66, 'science_score': 55, 'english_score': 58, 'social_score': 43},
 {'name': 'Madge', 'age': 22, 'math_score': 52, 'science_score': 63, 'english_score': 54, 'social_score': 47}]
"""

튜터님 풀이

from pprint import pprint

# 아래 사용자들을 수학, 과학, 영어, 사회 점수의 총 합을 기준으로 총 합이 가장 높은 사람이 첫 번째에 오도록 정렬해주세요

users = [
    {"name": "Ronald", "age": 30, "math_score": 93, "science_score": 65, "english_score": 93, "social_score": 92},
    {"name": "Amelia", "age": 24, "math_score": 88, "science_score": 52, "english_score": 78, "social_score": 91},
    {"name": "Nathaniel", "age": 28, "math_score": 48, "science_score": 40, "english_score": 49, "social_score": 91},
    {"name": "Sally", "age": 29, "math_score": 100, "science_score": 69, "english_score": 67, "social_score": 82},
    {"name": "Alexander", "age": 30, "math_score": 69, "science_score": 52, "english_score": 98, "social_score": 44},
    {"name": "Madge", "age": 22, "math_score": 52, "science_score": 63, "english_score": 54, "social_score": 47},
    {"name": "Trevor", "age": 23, "math_score": 89, "science_score": 88, "english_score": 69, "social_score": 93},
    {"name": "Andre", "age": 23, "math_score": 50, "science_score": 56, "english_score": 99, "social_score": 54},
    {"name": "Rodney", "age": 16, "math_score": 66, "science_score": 55, "english_score": 58, "social_score": 43},
    {"name": "Raymond", "age": 26, "math_score": 49, "science_score": 55, "english_score": 95, "social_score": 82},
    {"name": "Scott", "age": 15, "math_score": 85, "science_score": 92, "english_score": 56, "social_score": 85},
    {"name": "Jeanette", "age": 28, "math_score": 48, "science_score": 65, "english_score": 77, "social_score": 94},
    {"name": "Sallie", "age": 25, "math_score": 42, "science_score": 72, "english_score": 95, "social_score": 44},
    {"name": "Richard", "age": 21, "math_score": 71, "science_score": 95, "english_score": 61, "social_score": 59},
    {"name": "Callie", "age": 15, "math_score": 98, "science_score": 50, "english_score": 100, "social_score": 74},
]

# x = {"name": "Ronald", "age": 30, "math_score": 93, "science_score": 65, "english_score": 93, "social_score": 92}
users.sort(key=lambda x: sum([x["math_score"], x["science_score"], x["english_score"], x["social_score"]]), reverse=True)

pprint(users, width=300, sort_dicts=False)
# 출력 결과
"""
[{'name': 'Ronald', 'age': 30, 'math_score': 93, 'science_score': 65, 'english_score': 93, 'social_score': 92},
 {'name': 'Trevor', 'age': 23, 'math_score': 89, 'science_score': 88, 'english_score': 69, 'social_score': 93},
 {'name': 'Callie', 'age': 15, 'math_score': 98, 'science_score': 50, 'english_score': 100, 'social_score': 74},
 {'name': 'Sally', 'age': 29, 'math_score': 100, 'science_score': 69, 'english_score': 67, 'social_score': 82},
 {'name': 'Scott', 'age': 15, 'math_score': 85, 'science_score': 92, 'english_score': 56, 'social_score': 85},
 {'name': 'Amelia', 'age': 24, 'math_score': 88, 'science_score': 52, 'english_score': 78, 'social_score': 91},
 {'name': 'Richard', 'age': 21, 'math_score': 71, 'science_score': 95, 'english_score': 61, 'social_score': 59},
 {'name': 'Jeanette', 'age': 28, 'math_score': 48, 'science_score': 65, 'english_score': 77, 'social_score': 94},
 {'name': 'Raymond', 'age': 26, 'math_score': 49, 'science_score': 55, 'english_score': 95, 'social_score': 82},
 {'name': 'Alexander', 'age': 30, 'math_score': 69, 'science_score': 52, 'english_score': 98, 'social_score': 44},
 {'name': 'Andre', 'age': 23, 'math_score': 50, 'science_score': 56, 'english_score': 99, 'social_score': 54},
 {'name': 'Sallie', 'age': 25, 'math_score': 42, 'science_score': 72, 'english_score': 95, 'social_score': 44},
 {'name': 'Nathaniel', 'age': 28, 'math_score': 48, 'science_score': 40, 'english_score': 49, 'social_score': 91},
 {'name': 'Rodney', 'age': 16, 'math_score': 66, 'science_score': 55, 'english_score': 58, 'social_score': 43},
 {'name': 'Madge', 'age': 22, 'math_score': 52, 'science_score': 63, 'english_score': 54, 'social_score': 47}]
"""