[혼공컴운] 1주차_컴퓨터 구조

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기본 미션

p.51 확인 문제 3번

프로그램이 실행되려면 반드시 메모리에 저장되어 있어야 합니다.

Computer memory, device that is used to store data or programs (sequences of instructions) on a temporary or permanent basis for use in an electronic digital computer.

Computer memory is divided into main (or primary) memory and auxiliary (or secondary) memory.

Main memory holds instructions and data when a program is executing, while auxiliary memory holds data and programs not currently in use and provides long-term storage.

p.65 확인 문제 3번

Q. $1101_{(2)}$의 음수를 2의 보수 표현법으로 구해 보세요.

$-(A)=-A$	2의 보수 표현법	$-(-A)=A$
1101		0011
⬇	모든 0과 1 뒤집기	⬇
0010		1100
⬇	1 더하기	⬇
0011		1101

A. $1101_{(2)}$을 음수로 표현한 값은 $0011_{(2)}$ 입니다.

Two's complement is the most common method of representing signed (positive, negative, and zero) integers on computers, and more generally, fixed point binary values.

Two's complement uses the binary digit with the greatest place value as the sign to indicate whether the binary number is positive or negative.

When the most significant bit is 1, the number is signed as negative; and when the most significant bit is 0 the number is signed as positive.

Two's complement is the way every computer I know of chooses to represent integers.

To get the two's complement negative notation of an integer,
you write out the number in binary.
You then invert the digits,
and add one to the result.

선택 미션

p.100 스택과 큐의 개념

Stack	Queue
Abstract data type that serves as a collection of elements	Collection of entities that are maintained in a sequence
Push adds an element to the collection	enqueue adding an element to the rear/back/tail
Pop removes the most recently added element	dequeue removing an element from the front/head
LIFO	FIFO
Last In, First Out	First In, First Out

[Chapter 01 ~ 03] 용어 정리

Units based on powers of 10

One byte = collection of 8 bits

Metric	Value
1 kB	$10^3$ byte
1 MB	$10^3$ kilobyte
1 GB	$10^3$ megabyte
1 TB	$10^3$ gigabyte
1 PB	$10^3$ terabyte

Word

In computing, a word is the natural unit of data used by a particular processor design.

A word is a fixed-sized datum handled as a unit by the instruction set or the hardware of the processor.

EUC

Extended Unix Code (EUC) is a multibyte character encoding system used primarily for Japanese, Korean, and simplified Chinese (characters).

Modern applications are more likely to use UTF-8, which supports all of the glyphs of the EUC codes, and more, and is generally more portable with fewer vendor deviations and errors. EUC is however still very popular, especially EUC-KR for South Korea.

CP949

IBM code page 949 (IBM-949) is a character encoding which has been used by IBM to represent Korean language text on computers.

It is a variable-width encoding which represents the characters from the Wansung code defined by the South Korean standard KS X 1001 in a format compatible with EUC-KR, but adds IBM extensions for additional hanja, additional precomposed Hangul syllables, and user-defined characters.

UTF-8

UTF-8 is a variable-length character encoding standard used for electronic communication.

Defined by the Unicode Standard, the name is derived from Unicode Transformation Format – 8-bit.

UTF-8 is the dominant encoding for the World Wide Web (and internet technologies), accounting for 98.1% of all web pages, 99.1% of the top 10,000 pages, and up to 100% for many languages, as of 2024. Virtually all countries and languages have 95% or more use of UTF-8 encodings on the web.

Hangul Syllables

혼공컴운

#	진도	기본 미션	선택 미션	☑️
1주차 (1/2 ~ 1/7)	Chapter 01 ~ 03	p. 51의 확인 문제 3번, p. 65의 확인 문제 3번 풀고 인증하기	p. 100의 스택과 큐의 개념을 정리하기	☑️
2주차 (1/8 ~ 1/14)	Chapter 04 ~ 05	p. 125의 확인 문제 2번, p. 155의 확인 문제 4번 풀고 인증하기	Ch.05(05-1) 코어와 스레드, 멀티 코어와 멀티 스레드의 개념을 정리하기
3주차 (1/15 ~ 1/21)	Chapter 06 ~ 08	p. 185의 확인 문제 3번, p. 205의 확인 문제 1번 풀고 인증하기	Ch.07(07-1) RAID의 정의와 종류를 간단히 정리해 보기
4주차 (1/22 ~ 1/28)	Chapter 09 ~ 11	p. 304의 확인 문제 1번 풀고 인증하기	Ch.11(11-2) 준비 큐에 A,B,C,D 순으로 삽입되었다고 가정했을 때, 선입 선처리 스케줄링 알고리즘을 적용하면 어떤 프로세스 순서대로 CPU를 할당받는지 풀어보기
5주차 (1/29 ~ 2/4)	Chapter 12 ~ 13	p. 363의 확인 문제 1번 풀고 인증하기	Ch.12(12-1) 임계 구역, 상호 배제 개념을 정리하기
6주차 (2/5 ~ 2/12)	Chapter 14 ~ 15	p. 400의 확인 문제 1번 풀고 인증하기	Ch.14(14-3) 프로세스가 사용할 수 있는 프레임이 3개 있고, 페이지 참조열이 '2313523423' 일 때 LRU 페이지 교체 알고리즘으로 이 페이지를 참조한다면 몇 번의 페이지 폴트가 발생하는지 풀어보기