Seven different symbols represent Roman numerals with the following values:
| Symbol | Value |
|---|---|
| I | 1 |
| V | 5 |
| X | 10 |
| L | 50 |
| C | 100 |
| D | 500 |
| M | 1000 |
Roman numerals are formed by appending the conversions of decimal place values from highest to lowest. Converting a decimal place value into a Roman numeral has the following rules:
If the value does not start with 4 or 9, select the symbol of the maximal value that can be subtracted from the input, append that symbol to the result, subtract its value, and convert the remainder to a Roman numeral.
If the value starts with 4 or 9 use the subtractive form representing one symbol subtracted from the following symbol, for example, 4 is 1 (I) less than 5 (V): IV and 9 is 1 (I) less than 10 (X): IX. Only the following subtractive forms are used: 4 (IV), 9 (IX), 40 (XL), 90 (XC), 400 (CD) and 900 (CM).
Only powers of 10 (I, X, C, M) can be appended consecutively at most 3 times to represent multiples of 10. You cannot append 5 (V), 50 (L), or 500 (D) multiple times. If you need to append a symbol 4 times use the subtractive form.
Given an integer, convert it to a Roman numeral.
Input: num = 3749
Output: "MMMDCCXLIX"
Explanation:
3000 = MMM as 1000 (M) + 1000 (M) + 1000 (M)
700 = DCC as 500 (D) + 100 (C) + 100 (C)
40 = XL as 10 (X) less of 50 (L)
9 = IX as 1 (I) less of 10 (X)
Note: 49 is not 1 (I) less of 50 (L) because the conversion is based on decimal places
Input: num = 58
Output: "LVIII"
Explanation:
50 = L
8 = VIII
Input: num = 1994
Output: "MCMXCIV"
Explanation:
1000 = M
900 = CM
90 = XC
4 = IV
주어진 정수 num을 로마 숫자로 변환해야 함.
로마 숫자 규칙:
기본적으로 큰 숫자부터 작은 숫자를 차례로 나열하여 표현.
4, 9, 40, 90, 400, 900은 감산 표기법을 사용해야 함.
예: 4 → IV, 9 → IX, 40 → XL, 90 → XC, 400 → CD, 900 → CM
같은 기호가 연속으로 최대 3번까지만 나올 수 있음.
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
string intToRoman(int num) {
// 1. 로마 숫자의 값과 기호를 큰 순서대로 정의
vector<pair<int, string>> roman = {
{1000, "M"}, {900, "CM"}, {500, "D"}, {400, "CD"},
{100, "C"}, {90, "XC"}, {50, "L"}, {40, "XL"},
{10, "X"}, {9, "IX"}, {5, "V"}, {4, "IV"},
{1, "I"}
};
string result = "";
// 2. 큰 값부터 차례대로 num에서 빼면서 결과에 추가
for (auto &[value, symbol] : roman) {
while (num >= value) {
num -= value;
result += symbol;
}
}
return result;
}
// 테스트 코드
int main() {
cout << "1994 -> " << intToRoman(1994) << endl; // Expected: "MCMXCIV"
cout << "58 -> " << intToRoman(58) << endl; // Expected: "LVIII"
cout << "3749 -> " << intToRoman(3749) << endl; // Expected: "MMMDCCXLIX"
return 0;
}