[C++] Vector

알고리즘을 작성하다가 C++에서 vector의 개념이 필요해 정리하게 되었다.

목차

1. vector 개념
2. vector 특징
3. vector 함수

1. vector 개념

Vector는 STL(Standard Template Library)의 컨테이너 클래스이다.

STL : 표준 템플릿 라이브러리, 알고리즘, 컨테이너, 함수자, 반복자로 구성

2. vector 특징

vector의 특징은 데이터를 뒤에서 추가 및 삭제할 수 있다는 점이다.
배열과는 달리 미리 사이즈를 정하지 않고 정의하여 사용할 수 있고, 동적으로 메모리를 할당하여 어떤 데이터타입도 자유롭게 사용할 수 있다.

• Sequence
• Danaic array
• Allocator-aware

3. vector 함수

vector를 사용할 수 있는 함수의 종류는 아래에 차례대로 볼 수 있다.

• Vector 선언 :

  using namespaced td;		//1
  
  #inlcude <vector>			//2

• 초기화 :
  init_value로 size만큼 할당하는 vector 생성,
  init_value를 설정하지 않으면, 0으로 초기화

  vector<data_type> v(size, init_value); 

	vector<data_type> v;
	vector<data_type> v(size);
	vector<data_type> v(size, init_value);
	vector<data_type> v(targetv);  	//targetv를 v로 복사//

• 함수: 아래 형태로, 초기화한 vector의 함수에 prapmeter를 넣어 사용할 있음

  v.function(prpams1, prams2, ...) 

Member functions

function	content
(constructor)	Construct vector (public member function)
(destructor)	Vector destructor (public member function)
operator=	Assign content (public member function)

Iterators

function	content
begin	Return iterator to beginning (public member function)
end	Return iterator to end (public member function)
rbegin	Return reverse iterator to reverse beginning (public member
rend	Return reverse iterator to reverse end (public member function)
cbegin	Return const_iterator to beginning (public member function)
cend	Return const_iterator to end (public member function)
crbegin	Return const_reverse_iterator to reverse beginning (public member function)
crend	Return const_reverse_iterator to reverse end (public member function)

Capacity

function	content
size	Return size (public member function)
max_size	Return maximum size (public member function)
resize	Change size (public member function)
capacity	Return size of allocated storage capacity (public member function)
empty	Test whether vector is empty (public member function)
reserve	Request a change in capacity (public member function)
shrink_to_fit	Shrink to fit (public member function)

Element access

function	content
operator[]	Access element (public member function)
at	Access element (public member function)
front	Access first element (public member function)
back	Access last element (public member function)
data	Access data (public member function)

Modifiers

function	content
assign	Assign vector content (public member function)
push_back	Add element at the end (public member function)
pop_back	Delete last element (public member function)
insert	Insert elements (public member function)
erase	Erase elements (public member function)
swap	Swap content (public member function)
clear	Clear content (public member function)
emplace	Construct and insert element (public member function)
emplace_back	Construct and insert element at the end (public member function)

Allocator

function	content
get_allocator	Get allocator (public member function)

Non-member function overloads

function	content
relational	operators Relational operators for vector (function template)
swap	Exchange contents of vectors (function template)

Template specializations

function	content
vector	Vector of bool (class template specialization)

Reference

[1] https://cplusplus.com/reference/vector/vector/?kw=vector#google_vignette