[Stress and Coping] Exam 2 Review

Sociality/Interpersonal relations

• Affiliation $\rightarrow$ happiness & stress
• Hyper-sociality: self is embedded in groupds/relationships

Brain responses to experiencing rejection

• social rejection: Anterior cingulate activation

Taxonomy of groups (4 groups)

• Intimacy Groups
• Task Groups
• Social Categories
• Loose Associations

Self-disclosure

• development of a close relationship among peers: sustained, escalating, reciprocal, personal self-disclosure

Self-verification vs. idealization

• Self-verification
  • motive: be known by others
  • desire to seek out information that verifies one's own pre-existing understanding of oneself
  • happens even when the view are negative
    (ex. Someone who believes they are intelligent will want others to think see them intelligent.)
• Idealization
  • want to be seen better than actually they are

Similarity vs. complementarity

• similarity: we like those who are similar to us
• complementarity: we more likely to have longer interaction with differ to us

Demographic predictors of relationship satisfaction Predictors of divorce (4 horsemen of the apocalypse) Novelty in relationships (and self-expansion theory) Effects of sleep deprivation

• people report being happier in their relationships when they:
  • marry at a later age
  • are more educated
  • have a higher SES
  • have less neurotic tendencies
  • relationships can alter personality
• 4 Horsemen of the Apocalypse
  • Criticism
  • Defensiveness
  • Stonewalling
  • Contempt

Trying novel things

• novel arousing condition $\rightarrow$ more satisfied
  $\because$ love and self-expansion: each expands the self, acquiring social and material resources, new perspectives, new identities, new experiences, and Together

Sleep

• the chief nourisher in life's feast
  $\rightarrow$ amygdala overdrive, close relationships

Adult attachment style (and its outcomes) Savoring

• attunement and attachment
  • realized importance of attachment in human development
  • child-caregiver relationship forms the template for future relationships
  • it doesn't mean that you are bound to the pattern you established with your own parents
• correlates of attachment style
  • securely attached
    $\rightarrow$ be satisfied with life / positive emotions / more forgiving . optimistic / offer social support to romantic partner / have stable relationships / be committed in relationships / be trusting of others
  • anxiously attached
    $\rightarrow$ more depression, anxiety, drug abuse, eating disorders
• savoring
  • any thoughts capable of generating, intensifying, and prolonging enjoyment

Lewin’s grand truism

Big-5 personality traits

• descriptive taxonomy of personality
• O: Openness to experience
• C: Conscientiousness
• E: Extraversion
• A: Agreeablemess
• N: Neuroticism

Personality: Locomotion vs. assessment Personality: Maximizing vs. satisficing Valence (negativity vs. positivity) Effects of gratitude

• Maximizer
  • more sensitive to regret
  • less satis faction with consumer decisions
  • less satisfied with life
  • less optimistic
  • less self-esteem
  • more depressed
  • more adversely affected by upward social comparison
• Valence
  • good vs. bad dimension
  • which is more powerful?
  • impression formation exercise: who would you most like to invite out for coffee?
  • the bad is stronger than the good
• gratitude as a moral emotion
  • feeling of appreciation, wonder, reverence for life
• benefits of counting blessings
  • more optimistic, more satisfied with life, reported fewer physical symptoms

Optimism

• expectations about the future that it will be socially desirable, good, pleasurable
• optimistic people $\rightarrow$ higher levels of positive emotion, resting vagal tone, healthier

Rumination (and ways to stop rumination)

• Thinking needlessly, passively, endlessly, pointlessly, excessively, even obsessively
• pondering meanings, causes, consequences of your identity, character, feelings, problems
• like a loop
• antidotes: distraction, physical activity, leads to absorption, exercise boosts serotonin and dopamine

Social comparison

• upward
  • can sow envy
  • can make you feel that you can accomplish something as well
• downward
  • can feel guilty about having luck
  • might feel that you will suffer too

Intelligence (analytic, creative, practical)

Entity vs. incremental mindset

Effects of enriched vs. impoverished environments Work: job vs. career vs. calling

Goals (characteristics of goals)

Technology addiction

Delay of gratification (marshmallow test)

Trait self-control

Proactive, planned self-control

Yerkes-Dodson law

Self-esteem (what is it)

Sociometer theory

Increase in Narcissism (and proposed explanations) Genes and stressful life events in depression