[새싹] 현대IT&E 240112 기록 - Kotlin

최정윤·2024년 1월 12일
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03. 레이아웃 에디터와 레이아웃 파일

3.1 레이아웃 에디터 알아보기

3.1.1 실습용 프로젝트 생성하기


3.1.2 레이아웃 에디터 배치 살펴보기

3.1.3 레이아웃 미리보기 모양 변경

04. 화면 제어하기 액티비티와 프래그먼트

4.1 안드로이드 4대 구성요소

  • 액티비티: 사용자에게 사용자 인터페이스를 제공한다.
  • 서비스: 백그라운드 조작을 수행한다.
  • 브로드캐스트 리시버: 앱의 밖에서 일어난 이벤트를 앱에 전달한다.
  • 콘텐트 프로바이더: 데이터를 관리하고 다른 앱의 데이터를 사용할 수 있게한다.

4.2 액티비티 알아보기

4.2.2 액티비티의 생명 주기

LifeCycleActivity.kt

package com.example.activityandfragment

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity
import android.os.Bundle
import android.util.Log

class LifeCycleActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_life_cycle)
        Log.d("mylifecycle", "onCreate() 수행")

    }

    override fun onStart() {
        super.onStart()
        Log.d("mylifecycle", "onStart() 수행")
    }

    override fun onRestart() {
        super.onRestart()
        Log.d("mylifecycle", "onRestart() 수행")
    }

    override fun onResume() {
        super.onResume()
        Log.d("mylifecycle", "onResume() 수행")
    }

    override fun onPause() {
        super.onPause()
        Log.d("mylifecycle", "onPause() 수행")
    }

    override fun onStop() {
        super.onStop()
        Log.d("mylifecycle", "onStop() 수행")
    }

    override fun onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy()
        Log.d("mylifecycle", "onDestroy() 수행")
    }
}

안드로이드 스튜디오 Docs ▶️

4.2.3 액티비티 간의 화면 전환

activity_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Go to SubActivity"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button_exit"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="종료"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.498"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/button"
        app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.204" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textView"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="MainActivity"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.08"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.046" />
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

activity_sub.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".SubActivity">

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textView"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="SubActivity"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.158"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.078" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/buttonClose"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="go to MainActivity"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@id/buttonExit"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/textView" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/buttonExit"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="종료"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/textView" />
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

MainActivity.kt

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".SubActivity">

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textView"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="SubActivity"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.158"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.078" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/buttonClose"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="go to MainActivity"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@id/buttonExit"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/textView" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/buttonExit"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="종료"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/textView" />
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

SubActivity.kt

package com.example.activityandfragment

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity
import android.os.Bundle
import android.util.Log
import android.widget.Button
import android.widget.Toast

class SubActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_sub)
        settingButton()
        Log.d("SubActivity:mylifecycle", "onCreate() 수행")
    }

    private fun settingButton() {
        val buttonClose = findViewById<Button>(R.id.buttonClose)
        buttonClose.setOnClickListener {
            finish()
        }

        val buttonExit = findViewById<Button>(R.id.buttonExit)
        buttonExit.setOnClickListener {
            Toast.makeText(applicationContext, "종료합니다.", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
            finishAffinity()
        }
    }

    override fun onStart() {
        super.onStart()
        Log.d("SubActivity:mylifecycle", "onStart() 수행")
    }

    override fun onRestart() {
        super.onRestart()
        Log.d("SubActivity:mylifecycle", "onRestart() 수행")
    }

    override fun onResume() {
        super.onResume()
        Log.d("SubActivity:mylifecycle", "onResume() 수행")
    }

    override fun onPause() {
        super.onPause()
        Log.d("SubActivity:mylifecycle", "onPause() 수행")
    }

    override fun onStop() {
        super.onStop()
        Log.d("SubActivity:mylifecycle", "onStop() 수행")
    }

    override fun onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy()
        Log.d("SubActivity:mylifecycle", "onDestroy() 수행")
    }
}

4.3 프래그먼트 알아보기

4.3.3 프래그먼트의 화면 전환

activity_two_color.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".TwoColorActivity">

    <FrameLayout
        android:id="@+id/fragmentFrame"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="300dp"
        android:background="#FF9800"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
        />
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button_yellow_fragment"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="YELLOW Fragment"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@id/button_blue_fragment"
        android:layout_margin="30dp"
        />
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button_red_fragment"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="RED Fragment"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        android:layout_margin="30dp"
        />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button_blue_fragment"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="BLUE Fragment"
        android:layout_margin="30dp"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@id/button_red_fragment"
        />
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

RedFragment.kt

package com.example.activityandfragment

import android.os.Bundle
import android.view.LayoutInflater
import android.view.View
import android.view.ViewGroup
import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment

class RedFragment : Fragment(){
    override fun onCreateView(
        inflater: LayoutInflater,
        container: ViewGroup?,
        savedInstanceState: Bundle?
    ): View? {
        return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_red, container, false)
    }
}

BlueGragment.kt

package com.example.activityandfragment

import android.os.Bundle
import android.view.LayoutInflater
import android.view.View
import android.view.ViewGroup
import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment

class BlueFragment : Fragment() {
    override fun onCreateView(
        inflater: LayoutInflater,
        container: ViewGroup?,
        savedInstanceState: Bundle?
    ): View? {
        return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_blue, container, false)
    }
}

YellowFragment.kt

package com.example.activityandfragment

import android.os.Bundle
import android.view.LayoutInflater
import android.view.View
import android.view.ViewGroup
import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment

class YellowFragment : Fragment(){
    override fun onCreateView(
        inflater: LayoutInflater,
        container: ViewGroup?,
        savedInstanceState: Bundle?
    ): View? {
        return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_yellow, container, false)
    }
}

TwoColorActivity.kt

package com.example.activityandfragment

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity
import android.os.Bundle
import android.widget.Button

class TwoColorActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
    lateinit var redButton:Button
    lateinit var blueButton:Button
    lateinit var yellowButton:Button

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_two_color)
        settingButtons()

        yellowButton.performClick()
    }

    private fun settingButtons() {
        redButton = findViewById<Button>(R.id.button_red_fragment)
        blueButton = findViewById<Button>(R.id.button_blue_fragment)
        yellowButton = findViewById<Button>(R.id.button_yellow_fragment)

        redButton.setOnClickListener {
            updateButtonStates(redButton)
            val fragmentTransaction = supportFragmentManager.beginTransaction()
            fragmentTransaction.replace(R.id.fragmentFrame, RedFragment())
            fragmentTransaction.commit()
        }

        blueButton.setOnClickListener {
            updateButtonStates(blueButton)
            val fragmentTransaction = supportFragmentManager.beginTransaction()
            fragmentTransaction.replace(R.id.fragmentFrame, BlueFragment())
            fragmentTransaction.commit()
        }
        yellowButton.setOnClickListener {
            updateButtonStates(yellowButton)
            val fragmentTransaction = supportFragmentManager.beginTransaction()
            fragmentTransaction.replace(R.id.fragmentFrame, YellowFragment())
            fragmentTransaction.commit()
        }
    }

    private fun updateButtonStates(activeButton: Button) {
        blueButton.isEnabled = true
        redButton.isEnabled = true
        yellowButton.isEnabled = true

        activeButton.isEnabled = false
    }
}

activity_life_cycle.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".LifeCycleActivity">

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textView"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="LifeCycle example"
        android:textColor="#E91E63"
        android:textSize="24sp"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

activity_two_color.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".TwoColorActivity">

    <FrameLayout
        android:id="@+id/fragmentFrame"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="300dp"
        android:background="#FF9800"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
        />
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button_yellow_fragment"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="YELLOW Fragment"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@id/button_blue_fragment"
        android:layout_margin="30dp"
        />
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button_red_fragment"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="RED Fragment"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        android:layout_margin="30dp"
        />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button_blue_fragment"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="BLUE Fragment"
        android:layout_margin="30dp"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@id/button_red_fragment"
        />
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

fragment_blue.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:background="#0000FF">

</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

fragment_red.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:background="#FF0000"
    >

</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

fragment_yellow.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:background="#FFEB3B"
    >

</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

05. 화면 구성하기 뷰(위젯)

5.2 뷰 공통 속성

5.2.1 너비와 높이

activity_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="horizontal"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <Button
        android:text="button1"
        android:layout_width="150dp"
        android:layout_height="400dp"/>

</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
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