02월23일(목) Spring MVC

하이·2023년 2월 23일
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Application Context
XML, Annotation
Bean

Spring Web MVC Project 생성

<기본적인 home.jsp 를 이용해 날짜 출력>
: Servlet/JSP와 비교하여 차이점 위주로 이해하기

Spring Legacy Project -> Spring MVC Project 만들기
왼쪽 아래 New server -> Apache Tomcat v9.0 server ->
c:\tools 밑 폴더 선택

서버 - 톰캣 9.0

project 내 src -> webapp -> WEB-INF -> web.xml

인코딩 설정 추가

<!-- 추가 -->
	<filter>
      <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
      <filter-class>
         org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter
      </filter-class>
      <init-param>
         <param-name>encoding</param-name>
         <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
      </init-param>
   </filter>
   
   <filter-mapping>
   <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
   <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
   </filter-mapping>

home.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8" language="java" %>

http://localhost:8080/springweb/

Servlet-context

  • @Component(포괄적인 선언) 의 하위
    : 역할에 집중된 선언
    @Controller
    @Service : spring에서는 bean으로 사용됨 공유객체로 사용하겠다
    @Repository
    @Configuration

servelt-context.xml 파일은

  1. Servlet Web ApplicationContext : Controller를 관리
  2. Root Web ApplicationContext : Service, Repository를 관리

=> 따로 관리하기 위해서
servlet-context.xml에 use-default-filters="false" 추가

<context:component-scan base-package="my.spring.springweb" use-default-filters="false">
	<context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>	
</context:component-scan>

=>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans:beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:beans="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

	<!-- DispatcherServlet Context: defines this servlet's request-processing infrastructure -->
	
	<!-- Enables the Spring MVC @Controller programming model -->
	<annotation-driven />

	<!-- Handles HTTP GET requests for /resources/** by efficiently serving up static resources in the ${webappRoot}/resources directory -->
	<resources mapping="/resources/**" location="/resources/" />

	<!-- Resolves views selected for rendering by @Controllers to .jsp resources in the /WEB-INF/views directory -->
	<beans:bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
		<beans:property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/" />
		<beans:property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
	</beans:bean>
	
	<context:component-scan base-package="my.spring.springweb" use-default-filters="false">
		<context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>	
	</context:component-scan>
	
	
	
</beans:beans>

root-context.xml

스키마 추가 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans:beans
        xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xmlns:beans="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
  
    <!-- Root Context: defines shared resources visible to all other web components -->
  
    <context:component-scan base-package="my.spring.springweb">
        <context:exclude-filter type="annotation"
                                expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" />
    </context:component-scan>
  
</beans:beans>

Spring Web Project 형태

① 계층형
=> 구조가 심플하지만 관리가 힘들다..
src/main/java

  • my
    • spring
      - springweb
      • controller
      • service
      • vo
      • dao

② Domain 타입
src/main/java

  • my
    • spring
      - springweb
      • member
        -controller
        -service
        -vo
        -dao
      • board
        - controller
        -service
        -vo
        -dao

pom.xml

  • 자바 버전 1.8로 변경
  • servlet 버전 변경
  • Test에 dependency 추가
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<groupId>my.spring</groupId>
	<artifactId>springweb</artifactId>
	<name>springweb</name>
	<packaging>war</packaging>
	<version>1.0.0-BUILD-SNAPSHOT</version>
	
	<!-- 수정한 부분 -->
	<properties>
		<java-version>1.8</java-version>
		<org.springframework-version>5.3.23</org.springframework-version>
		<org.aspectj-version>1.9.9.1</org.aspectj-version>
		<org.slf4j-version>1.7.36</org.slf4j-version>
		<log4j2.version>2.17.1</log4j2.version>
	</properties>
	
	<dependencies>
		<!-- Spring -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
			<version>${org.springframework-version}</version>
			<exclusions>
				<!-- Exclude Commons Logging in favor of SLF4j -->
				<exclusion>
					<groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
					<artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
				 </exclusion>
			</exclusions>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
			<version>${org.springframework-version}</version>
		</dependency>
				
		<!-- AspectJ -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
			<artifactId>aspectjrt</artifactId>
			<version>${org.aspectj-version}</version>
		</dependency>	
		
		<!-- Logging -->
 		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
			<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
			<version>${org.slf4j-version}</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
			<artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
			<version>${org.slf4j-version}</version>
			<scope>runtime</scope>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
			<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
			<version>${org.slf4j-version}</version>
			<scope>runtime</scope>
		</dependency>
		
		<dependency>
			<groupId>log4j</groupId>
			<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
			<version>1.2.15</version>
			<exclusions>
				<exclusion>
					<groupId>javax.mail</groupId>
					<artifactId>mail</artifactId>
				</exclusion>
				<exclusion>
					<groupId>javax.jms</groupId>
					<artifactId>jms</artifactId>
				</exclusion>
				<exclusion>
					<groupId>com.sun.jdmk</groupId>
					<artifactId>jmxtools</artifactId>
				</exclusion>
				<exclusion>
					<groupId>com.sun.jmx</groupId>
					<artifactId>jmxri</artifactId>
				</exclusion>
			</exclusions>
			<scope>runtime</scope>
		</dependency>

		<!-- @Inject -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>javax.inject</groupId>
			<artifactId>javax.inject</artifactId>
			<version>1</version>
		</dependency>
				
		<!-- Servlet -->
		<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet/javax.servlet-api -->
      <dependency>
         <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
         <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
         <version>4.0.1</version>
         <scope>provided</scope>
      </dependency>
      <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet.jsp/javax.servlet.jsp-api -->
      <dependency>
         <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
         <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
         <version>2.3.3</version>
         <scope>provided</scope>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
         <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
         <version>1.2</version>
      </dependency>
<!-- 여기도 주석
		<dependency>
			<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
			<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
			<version>2.5</version>
			<scope>provided</scope>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
			<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
			<version>2.1</version>
			<scope>provided</scope>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
			<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
			<version>1.2</version>
		</dependency>
-->
		<!-- Test -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>junit</groupId>
			<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
			<version>4.7</version>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
		
		<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet/javax.servlet-api -->
      <dependency>
         <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
         <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
         <version>4.0.1</version>
         <scope>provided</scope>
      </dependency>
      <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet.jsp/javax.servlet.jsp-api -->
      <dependency>
         <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
         <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
         <version>2.3.3</version>
         <scope>provided</scope>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
         <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
         <version>1.2</version>
      </dependency>
              
	</dependencies>
	
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <artifactId>maven-eclipse-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.9</version>
                <configuration>
                    <additionalProjectnatures>
                        <projectnature>org.springframework.ide.eclipse.core.springnature</projectnature>
                    </additionalProjectnatures>
                    <additionalBuildcommands>
                        <buildcommand>org.springframework.ide.eclipse.core.springbuilder</buildcommand>
                    </additionalBuildcommands>
                    <downloadSources>true</downloadSources>
                    <downloadJavadocs>true</downloadJavadocs>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            
            
            <!-- jdk 버전 수정 !! -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.5.1</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>${java-version}</source>
                    <target>${java-version}</target>
                    <compilerArgument>-Xlint:all</compilerArgument>
                    <showWarnings>true</showWarnings>
                    <showDeprecation>true</showDeprecation>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
                <artifactId>exec-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>1.2.1</version>
                <configuration>
                    <mainClass>org.test.int1.Main</mainClass>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

완료 => 서버 기동

servlet-context.xml
=> view resolver 설정 : Handler로부터 만약 String이 리턴되면
request하고, dispatcher Servlet이 controller method()에게 보냄

View resolver : ModelAndView 객체를 View 영역으로 전달하기 위해 알맞은 View 정보를 설정하는 역할

http://localhost:8080/springweb/resources/test.html

default-servlet-handler설정

Model model

: 이 class type의 객체가 handler의 parameter로 주입
servlet을 동작시킬 때

SpringMVC

SpringMVC 세부과정


handler-mapping

-> HandlerMapping interface
: 구현체가 4개정도 제공 -> 1개만 기억하면 됨
: RequestMappingHandlerMapping
: @RequestMappingHandlerMapping annotation을 이용
: class가 아닌 method를 handler로 지정

handler Adapter

HandlerAdaptor interface로 되어있음
구현체로 RequestMappingHandlerAdapterclass를 많이 사용함

View 객체(Object)

: View interface를 구현한 객체를 지칭
: Model이 가진 정보를 어떻게 표현해야 하는지에 대해 로직을 가지고 있는 Component
: 구현한 구현class가 여러개 있음

① InternalResource
: JSP
controller가 이 객체를 직접 만들 수 있음 - 그럼 view resolver를 거치지 않음

View view = new InternalResourceView("hello.jsp");
return new ModelAndView(view, model);

  • Servlet ->response.sendRedirect();
    controller => new ModelAndView(view, model)

  • MarshallingView -> XML

  • MappingJacksonJsonViewClass -> JSON

예제1
1. log4j
2. @Controller
3. @RequestMapping
4. InternalresourceView class
5. Model, ModelAndView class

1. log4j

console에 system.out.println()을 이용해 출력하는 건 여러가지 측면에서 좋지 않음
1) 성능면에서 좋지 않은
2) 관리적 측면에서도 좋지 않음
3) 운영시 로그 생성은 필수
spring에서는 log4j를 쉽게 이용할 수 있음 - 확장버전 log4j2 : 2.x.x 버전 / logback(spring boot)
먼저, log4j부터 살펴보고(설정파일이 있음-log4j.xml), log4j2로 변경

- log4j에 xml tag들

① log의 출력 위치를 지정 : <appender></appender>
(console출력, File출력, DB출력)
② log의 출력 형태를 지정 :<layout></layout>
③ logger : 메시지를 appender에 전달하는 역할
: log의 출력level에 따라서 출력여부를 결정(6단계)

appender

: 여러 종류가 있음
① Console Appender(console)
② File Appender(File)
③ RollingFileAppender(용량제한File)
④ DailyRollingAppender(날짜별File)

layout

%p : log level을 같이 출력
%m : 로그메세지 출력
%d : 로그 발생시간 출력(yyyy-mm-dd HH:mm:ss)
%c : 어떤 파일에서 발생했는지 출력

log level 6단계
FATAL : 가장 높은 단계, system에 심각한 문제가 있음
ERROR : 실행 중 Error가 발생
WARN : 오류의 원인이 될 수 있는 메세지 클릭 - warn()
INFO : application운영 - 운영 level - info()
DeBUG : 개발시 디버깅 용도 - sysout 대신 사용 - debug()
TRACE : DEBUG의 상세 버전

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