SQL - select

parkeuยท2022๋…„ 10์›” 17์ผ
0

ABC๋ถ€ํŠธ์บ ํ”„

๋ชฉ๋ก ๋ณด๊ธฐ
41/55
post-thumbnail

๐Ÿผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฑ…
SQL ์ž…๋ฌธ - ๊ฐ•์„ฑ์šฑ ์ง€์Œ / ์ด์ง€์Šค ํผ๋ธ”๋ฆฌ์‹ฑ

๐Ÿ“ ๋‹จ์ถ•ํ‚ค
์ฃผ์„ : ctrl + k + c
์ฃผ์„ ํ•ด์ œ : ctrl + k + u
๋Œ€๋ฌธ์ž : ctrl + shift + u
์†Œ๋ฌธ์ž : ctrl + shift + l

๐Ÿ” SELECT๋ฌธ

SELECT ๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ํ˜•์‹

SELECT [์—ด] FROM [ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ”]
  • SELECT : ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ
  • ์—ด : ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ์—ด ์ž…๋ ฅ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์—ด ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰์‹œ์—๋Š” ์‰ผํ‘œ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ, ์—ด ์ด๋ฆ„๋Œ€์‹  *๋ฅผ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ „์ฒด ์—ด ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰
  • FROM : ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ฌ ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ”์„ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ
  • ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ” : ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ €์žฅ๋œ ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ” ์ด๋ฆ„ ์ž…๋ ฅ

์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐœ ์—ด ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰

SELECT symbol, company_name, last_crawel_date, close_price FROM nasdaq_company

ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ” ์—ด ์ •๋ณด ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰

๋ธ”๋ก ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ํ•˜๊ณ  Alt+F1 -> ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ” ์—ด ์ •๋ณด ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰


๐Ÿ” WHERE๋ฌธ

WHERE ๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ํ˜•์‹

SELECT [์—ด] FROM [ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ”] WHERE [์—ด] = [์กฐ๊ฑด๊ฐ’]
  • ์—ด : ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์ ์šฉํ•  ์—ด ์ž…๋ ฅ
  • = : ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์ ์šฉํ•  ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์ž ์ข…๋ฅ˜ ์ž…๋ ฅ
  • ์กฐ๊ฑด๊ฐ’ : ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์กฐ๊ฑด๊ฐ’ ์ž…๋ ฅ

๋ฌธ์ž์—ดํ˜• symbol์ด MSFT์ธ ํ–‰ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰

SELECT * FROM nasdaq_company WHERE symbol = 'MSFT'
-- MSFT๋ฅผ ์†Œ๋ฌธ์ž๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด๋„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋™์ผ
-- ์ž‘์€๋”ฐ์˜ดํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ํฐ๋”ฐ์˜ดํ‘œ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ฉด ์‹คํ–‰X

-- close_price๊ฐ€ 14 ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์ธ ํ–‰์„ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰
select * from nasdaq_company where close_price < 14
-- last_crawel_date๊ฐ€ 2021-06-24 ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์ธ ํ–‰์„ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰
select * from nasdaq_company where last_crawel_date <'2021-06-24'

2010 ~ 2011 ๋ฒ”์œ„์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ’ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰

select * from nasdaq_company where ipo_year between 2010 and 2011

ํŠน์ • ๋‚ ์งœ ํฌํ•จ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰

select * from nasdaq_company where last_crawel_date between '2021-03-17'  and '2021-03-19'

AND์™€ OR๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰

and

select * from nasdaq_company
where sector = 'Finance' AND industry = 'Major Banks

or

select * from nasdaq_company
where symbol = 'msft' or symbol = 'amd' or symbol = 'amzn'

+ IN์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด OR๋ฐ˜๋ณต ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰

select * from nasdaq_company
where symbol IN ('msft', 'amd', 'amzn')

์—ฐ์‚ฐ์ž ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„

์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ : sector๊ฐ€ 'Technology' ๋˜๋Š” 'Consumer Services' ์ด๋ฉด์„œ symbol์ด 'MSFT', 'AMD', 'AMZN'์ธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰

select * from nasdaq_company
where sector = 'Technology' or sector = 'Consumer Services' and symbol in ('msft' ,'amd','amzn')


์—ฐ์‚ฐ์ž์˜ ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ถœ๋ ฅ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ

+ ์†Œ๊ด„ํ˜ธ๋กœ ๋จผ์ € ์‹คํ–‰๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฟผ๋ฆฌ์— ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„ ์ง€์ •

select * from nasdaq_company
where (sector = 'Technology' or sector = 'Consumer Services') and symbol in ('msft' ,'amd','amzn')

null ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰

null ?

์•„์˜ˆ ์ •์˜๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฐ’, ์ˆซ์ž 0๊ณผ ๊ณต๋ฐฑ๋ฌธ์ž์™€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฆ„

--sector ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ null์ธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰
select * from nasdaq_company
where sector is null

--sector ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ null์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰
select * from nasdaq_company
where sector is not null

ORDER BY ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ •๋ ฌ

SELECT [์—ด] FROM [ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ”] WHERE [์—ด] = [์กฐ๊ฑด๊ฐ’] ORDER BY [์—ด] [ASC, DESC]

์˜์–ด ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„

use DoItSQL;
with cte(col_1) as (
select N'ABC' union all
select N'123' union all
select N'๊ฐ€๋‚˜๋‹ค'
)
select * from cte
order by col_1 asc

ํ•œ๊ธ€ ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„

use master;
with cte(col_1) as (
select N'ABC' union all
select N'123' union all
select N'๊ฐ€๋‚˜๋‹ค'
)
select * from cte
order by col_1 asc

๐Ÿ‘ป ORDER BY ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ์—ด ๊ธฐ์ค€ ์ •๋ ฌ

1๊ฐœ ์—ด ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ ฌ

select * from nasdaq_company order by symbol

2๊ฐœ ์—ด ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ ฌ

select * from nasdaq_company
where sector is not null and sector <> ''
order by sector, industry


+ ์ •๋ ฌ ์ˆœ์„œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋€๋‹ค๋ฉด??

select * from nasdaq_company
where sector is not null and sector <> ''
order by industry, sector


๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋จ

asc ์˜ค๋ฆ„์ฐจ์ˆœ, desc ๋‚ด๋ฆผ์ฐจ์ˆœ

--- asc๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๊ฐ’์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ƒ๋žต ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ !
select * from nasdaq_company
order by symbol desc

+ ์˜ค๋ฆ„์ฐจ์ˆœ๊ณผ ๋‚ด๋ฆผ์ฐจ์ˆœ ์กฐํ•ฉํ•ด ์ •๋ ฌ

select * from nasdaq_company
where sector is not null and sector <> ''
order by sector asc, symbol desc

TOP์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์œ„ N๊ฐœ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰

ipo_year์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‚ด๋ฆผ์ฐจ์ˆœ, symbol์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜ค๋ฆ„์ฐจ์ˆœ ์ •๋ ฌ ํ›„ ์ƒ์œ„ 10๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ฟผ๋ฆฌ

select top 10 * from nasdaq_company
order by ipo_year desc, symbol asc

OFFSET ... FETCH NEXT๋กœ ์ง€์ •ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜๋งŒํผ ํ–‰ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ๋›ฐ๊ณ  ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰

symbol์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ ฌํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ 1000๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ๋›ฐ๊ณ  1001๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ถœ๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ์ฟผ๋ฆฌ

select * from nasdaq_company
order by symbol
offset 1000 rows --1000๊ฐœ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ๋›ฐ๊ณ  ์ถœ๋ ฅ

FETCH NEXT๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ OFFSET๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ถœ๋ ฅํ•  ํ–‰์˜ ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜ ์ง€์ •๊ฐ€๋Šฅ 1001๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 10๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ถœ๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ์ฟผ๋ฆฌ

select * from nasdaq_company
order by symbol
offset 1000 rows
fetch next 10 rows only

๐Ÿฅธ ์™€์ผ๋“œ์นด๋“œ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์ž์—ด ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰

Like์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ํ˜•์‹

select [์—ด] from [ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ”] where [์—ด] like [์กฐ๊ฑด๊ฐ’]

%๋กœ ํŠน์ • ๋ฌธ์ž์—ด์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ž์—ด ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰

symbol ์—ด์—์„œ A๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ž์—ด ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰

select * from nasdaq_company
where symbol like 'A%'

symbol ์—ด์—์„œ A๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ž์—ด ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰

select * from nasdaq_company
where symbol like '%A'

ํŠน์ • ๋ฌธ์ž์—ด์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰

select * from nasdaq_company
where symbol not like '%A'

ํŠน์ˆ˜ ๋ฌธ์ž๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ž์—ด ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰
-> %๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์ž„์‹œ ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ”์—์„œ A%BC๋งŒ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰

with cte(col_1) as (
select 'A%BC' union all
select 'A_BC' union all
select 'ABC'
)
select * from cte 
where col_1 like '%#%%' escape '#'

_๋กœ ํŠน์ • ๋ฌธ์ž์—ด์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ํŠน์ • ๊ธธ์ด์˜ ๋ฌธ์ž์—ด ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰

A๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  C๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฌธ์ž์—ด์ด ๋„ค๊ฐœ์ธ symbol ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰

select * from nasdaq_company
where symbol like 'A__C'

_์™€ % ํฌํ•จํ•ด ๋ฌธ์ž์—ด ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰

select * from nasdaq_company
where symbol like 'A_C%'

๐Ÿผ % ์™€ _ ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด

%์€ _์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์ž ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ง€์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ
ex) A%B -> ACB, ADDB, AWEWEWB, AdfB ๋“ฑ A๊ฐ€ ๋งจ ์•ž์ด๊ณ  B๊ฐ€ ๋งจ ๋์ด๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋จ
A_B -> ACB, AEB ๋“ฑ A๊ฐ€ ๋งจ ์•ž์ด๊ณ  B๊ฐ€ ๋งจ ๋์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ธ€์ž์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•จ

[]๋กœ ๋ฌธ์ž๋‚˜ ๋ฌธ์ž ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ์ง€์ •ํ•ด ๋ฌธ์ž์—ด ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰

[]์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

  • [A, B, C]% ๋˜๋Š” [A-C]% : ์ฒซ ๊ธ€์ž๊ฐ€ A๋˜๋Š” B๋˜๋Š” C๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ์ž์—ด ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰
  • %[A, B, C] ๋˜๋Š” %[A-C]: ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๊ธ€์ž๊ฐ€ A ๋˜๋Š” B๋˜๋Š” C๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ์ž์—ด ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰

์ฒซ ๊ธ€์ž๊ฐ€ A์ด๊ณ  ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์ž๊ฐ€ A๋˜๋Š” B๋˜๋Š” C์ธ symbol๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ : -์‚ฌ์šฉ

select * from nasdaq_company
where symbol like 'A[A-C]' --A[A,B,C]์™€ ๊ฐ™์Œ

๋ฌธ์ž๋‚˜ ๋ฌธ์ž ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ž์—ด ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰
์ฒซ ๊ธ€์ž๊ฐ€ A์ด๊ณ  ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์ž๊ฐ€ A,B,C๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ symbol๊ฒ€์ƒ‰

select * from nasdaq_company
where symbol like 'A[^A, ^B, ^C]'

์™€์ผ๋“œ์นด๋“œ ์‘์šฉ

A๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์ž๋Š” C,P๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ธ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์ž๋Š” T๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋ฌธ์ž๋Š” W๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ž์—ด ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰

select * from nasdaq_company
where symbol like 'A[C, P][^T]%W'

์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์ž๋Š” A, ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์ž๋Š” A-C, ์„ธ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์ž๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๋„ค๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์ž๋Š” 0์ธ ๋ฌธ์ž์—ด ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰


๐Ÿ“Š ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฃนํ™” ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ธฐ

GROUP BY ๋ฌธ๊ณผ HAVING ๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ํ˜•์‹

select [์—ด] from [ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ”] where [์—ด] = [์กฐ๊ฑด๊ฐ’] group by [์—ด] having [์—ด] = [์กฐ๊ฑด๊ฐ’]

GROUP BY ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฃนํ™”

1๊ฐœ ์—ด ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฃนํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ

SELECT sector from nasdaq_company
group by sector

2๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ ์—ด ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฃนํ™”

select sector, industry from nasdaq_company
group by sector, industry

์ง‘๊ณ„ ํ•จ์ˆ˜ COUNT๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฃนํ™”ํ•œ ์—ด์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜ ํ™•์ธ

select sector, count(*) as cnt from nasdaq_company
group by sector

-> sector ์—ด์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฃนํ™” ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ countํ•จ์ˆ˜๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฃนํ™”ํ•œ ๊ฐ ํ–‰์ด ๋ช‡๊ฐœ์ธ์ง€ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฟผ๋ฆฌ
-> countํ•จ์ˆ˜์˜ as cnt๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ถœ๋ ฅํ•  ๋•Œ ์—ด ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ์ง€์ •ํ•ด ์ค€ ๊ฒƒ

์ง‘๊ณ„ ํ•จ์ˆ˜ SUM

groupby์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ด์€ select์— ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์จ๋„ ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—†๋Š” ์—ด์€ ์ง‘๊ณ„ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•ด์ค˜์•ผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

select sector, industry, sum(close_price) as sum from nasdaq_company
group by sector, industry

HAVING : ๊ทธ๋ฃนํ™”ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํ•„ํ„ฐ๋ง

WHERE : ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ”์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ด์— ์ ์šฉ
HAVING : SELECT๋ฌธ์ด๋‚˜ GROUP BY ๋ฌธ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์—ด์—๋งŒ ์ ์šฉ

select sector, industry, sum(close_price) as total from nasdaq_company
group by sector, industry
having sum(low_price) > 10
order by sector desc, industry

DISTINCT ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘๋ณต ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ธฐ

GROUP BY ๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ค‘๋ณต ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ

select distinct [์—ด ์ด๋ฆ„] from [ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ” ์ด๋ฆ„]
select distinct sector, industry from nasdaq_company

GROUP BY ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ํŠน์ • ์—ด์˜ ์ค‘๋ณต ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ œ๊ฑฐ

select sector, industry from nasdaq_company
GROUP BY sector, industry

CREATE ๋ฌธ

๊ธฐ๋ณธ ํ˜•์‹

CREATE DATABASE [๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค ์ด๋ฆ„]

TestDB ์ƒ์„ฑ

CREATE DATABASE TestDB
use TestDB

TestDB ์‚ญ์ œ

use master
drop database TestDB

ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ”์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” CREATE๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ํ˜•์‹

create table ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ” ์ด๋ฆ„ (
์—ด1 ์ž๋ฃŒํ˜•,
์—ด2 ์ž๋ฃŒํ˜•,
(...์ƒ๋žต...)
)

ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ” ์ƒ์„ฑ

create table doit_create_table(
col_1 int,
col_2 nvarchar(50),
col_3 datetime
)


ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ” ์ œ๊ฑฐ

drop table doit_create_table

profile
๋ฐฐ๊ณ ํŒŒ์šฉ.

0๊ฐœ์˜ ๋Œ“๊ธ€