https://www.acmicpc.net/problem/10799
Code
rod_laser = input()
rod_cnt = 0
result = 0
for i in range(len(rod_laser)-1):
part = rod_laser[i:i+2]
if part == '((':
rod_cnt += 1
result += 1
elif part == '()':
result += rod_cnt
elif part == '))':
rod_cnt += -1
print(result)