25) API 접근 권한 제어 이해
스프링 시큐리티에 "권한 (Authority)" 설정방법

"ROLE_" 로 시작해야 함
예) "ADMIN" 권한 부여 → "ROLE_ADMIN"
"**USER**" 권한 부여 → "**ROLE_USER**"
public class UserDetailsImpl implements UserDetails {
// ...
@Override
public Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> getAuthorities() {
SimpleGrantedAuthority adminAuthority = new SimpleGrantedAuthority("ROLE_ADMIN");
Collection<GrantedAuthority> authorities = new ArrayList<>();
authorities.add(adminAuthority);
return authorities;
}
}
스프링 시큐리티를 이용한 API 별 권한 제어 방법
@Secured("권한 이름") 선언
- 권한 1개 이상 설정 가능
// (관리자용) 등록된 모든 상품 목록 조회
@Secured("ROLE_ADMIN")
@GetMapping("/api/admin/products")
public List<Product> getAllProducts() {
return productService.getAllProducts();
}
@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity // 스프링 Security 지원을 가능하게 함
**@EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(securedEnabled = true)** // @Secured 어노테이션 활성화
public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {26) 접근 불가 페이지 적용

프론트엔드 개발자 작업 → Forbidden 페이지 적용
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>접근 불가</title>
<style>
html,body{
margin:0;
padding:0;
display:flex;
justify-content:center;
align-items:center;
background-color:salmon;
font-family:"Quicksand", sans-serif;
}
#container_anim{
position:relative;
width:100%;
height:70%;
}
#key{
position:absolute;
top:77%;
left:-33%;
}
#text{
font-size:4rem;
position:absolute;
top:55%;
width:100%;
text-align:center;
}
#credit{
position:absolute;
bottom:0;
width:100%;
text-align:center;
bottom:
}
a{
color: rgb(115,102,102);
}
</style>
<script>
var lock = document.querySelector('#lock');
var key = document.querySelector('#key');
function keyAnimate(){
dynamics.animate(key, {
translateX: 33
}, {
type:dynamics.easeInOut,
duration:500,
complete:lockAnimate
})
}
function lockAnimate(){
dynamics.animate(lock, {
rotateZ:-5,
scale:0.9
}, {
type:dynamics.bounce,
duration:3000,
complete:keyAnimate
})
}
setInterval(keyAnimate, 3000);
</script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="container_anim">
<div id="lock" class="key-container">
<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?><!-- Generator: Gravit.io --><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" style="isolation:isolate" viewBox="317.286 -217 248 354" width="248" height="354"><g><path d="M 354.586 -43 L 549.986 -43 C 558.43 -43 565.286 -36.144 565.286 -27.7 L 565.286 121.7 C 565.286 130.144 558.43 137 549.986 137 L 354.586 137 C 346.141 137 339.286 130.144 339.286 121.7 L 339.286 -27.7 C 339.286 -36.144 346.141 -43 354.586 -43 Z" style="stroke:none;fill:#2D5391;stroke-miterlimit:10;"/><g transform="matrix(-1,0,0,-1,543.786,70)"><text transform="matrix(1,0,0,1,0,234)" style="font-family:'Quicksand';font-weight:700;font-size:234px;font-style:normal;fill:#4a4444;stroke:none;">U</text></g><g transform="matrix(-1,0,0,-1,530.786,65)"><text transform="matrix(1,0,0,1,0,234)" style="font-family:'Quicksand';font-weight:700;font-size:234px;font-style:normal;fill:#8e8383;stroke:none;">U</text></g><path d="M 343.586 -52 L 538.986 -52 C 547.43 -52 554.286 -45.144 554.286 -36.7 L 554.286 112.7 C 554.286 121.144 547.43 128 538.986 128 L 343.586 128 C 335.141 128 328.286 121.144 328.286 112.7 L 328.286 -36.7 C 328.286 -45.144 335.141 -52 343.586 -52 Z" style="stroke:none;fill:#4A86E8;stroke-miterlimit:10;"/><g><circle vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" cx="441.28571428571433" cy="63.46153846153848" r="10.461538461538453" fill="rgb(0,0,0)"/><rect x="436.055" y="66.538" width="10.462" height="34.462" transform="matrix(1,0,0,1,0,0)" fill="rgb(0,0,0)"/></g></g></svg>
</div>
<div id="key">
<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?><!-- Generator: Gravit.io --><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" style="isolation:isolate" viewBox="232.612 288.821 169.348 109.179" width="169.348" height="109.179"><g><path d=" M 382.96 349.821 L 368.96 349.821 L 368.96 314.821 L 382.96 307.821 L 382.96 349.821 Z " fill="rgb(55,49,49)"/><path d=" M 292.134 354.827 L 379.96 315.39 L 379.96 305.547 L 292.134 343.094 L 292.134 354.827 Z " fill="rgb(55,49,49)"/><path d=" M 280.96 340.109 L 401.96 288.821 L 401.96 340.109 L 382.96 349.972 L 382.96 308.547 L 265.96 360.821 L 259.96 349.972 L 280.96 340.109 Z " fill="rgb(115,102,102)"/><path d=" M 401.96 288.821 L 382.96 288.821 L 280.96 332.821 L 292.134 340.109 L 401.96 288.821 Z " fill="rgb(115,102,102)"/><g><path d=" M 232.755 354.125 C 230.958 328.501 246.297 306.519 266.988 305.068 C 287.679 303.617 305.937 323.243 307.734 348.867 C 309.531 374.492 294.191 396.473 273.5 397.924 C 252.809 399.375 234.552 379.75 232.755 354.125 Z " fill="rgb(55,49,49)"/><path d=" M 239.241 352.316 C 237.564 328.406 252.144 307.876 271.779 306.499 C 291.414 305.122 308.716 323.416 310.393 347.326 C 312.07 371.236 297.49 391.766 277.855 393.143 C 258.22 394.52 240.917 376.226 239.241 352.316 Z " fill="rgb(115,102,102)"/><path d=" M 260.038 353.084 C 259.196 348.171 261.788 343.621 265.822 342.929 C 269.856 342.238 273.816 345.665 274.658 350.578 C 275.5 355.49 272.909 360.041 268.874 360.732 C 264.84 361.424 260.88 357.997 260.038 353.084 Z " fill="salmon"/></g></g></svg>
</div>
</div>
<p id="text">403 FORBIDDEN</p>
<p id="credit">사용자 접근 불가 페이지입니다.</a></p>
</body>
</html>WebSecurityConfig 파일 수정
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.method.configuration.EnableGlobalMethodSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.WebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder;
@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity // 스프링 Security 지원을 가능하게 함
@EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(securedEnabled = true) // @Secured 어노테이션 활성화
public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
@Bean
public BCryptPasswordEncoder encodePassword() {
return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
}
@Override
public void configure(WebSecurity web) {
// h2-console 사용에 대한 허용 (CSRF, FrameOptions 무시)
web
.ignoring()
.antMatchers("/h2-console/**");
}
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
http.csrf().disable();
http.authorizeRequests()
// image 폴더를 login 없이 허용
.antMatchers("/images/**").permitAll()
// css 폴더를 login 없이 허용
.antMatchers("/css/**").permitAll()
// 회원 관리 처리 API 전부를 login 없이 허용
.antMatchers("/user/**").permitAll()
// 그 외 어떤 요청이든 '인증'
.anyRequest().authenticated()
.and()
// [로그인 기능]
.formLogin()
// 로그인 View 제공 (GET /user/login)
.loginPage("/user/login")
// 로그인 처리 (POST /user/login)
.loginProcessingUrl("/user/login")
// 로그인 처리 후 성공 시 URL
.defaultSuccessUrl("/")
// 로그인 처리 후 실패 시 URL
.failureUrl("/user/login?error")
.permitAll()
.and()
// [로그아웃 기능]
.logout()
// 로그아웃 요청 처리 URL
.logoutUrl("/user/logout")
.permitAll()
.and()
.exceptionHandling()
// "접근 불가" 페이지 URL 설정
.accessDeniedPage("/forbidden.html");
}
}관리자용 상품조회 API 에 @Secured 어노테이션으로 권한 설정
import com.sparta.springcore.dto.ProductMypriceRequestDto;
import com.sparta.springcore.dto.ProductRequestDto;
import com.sparta.springcore.model.Product;
import com.sparta.springcore.model.UserRoleEnum;
import com.sparta.springcore.security.UserDetailsImpl;
import com.sparta.springcore.service.ProductService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.security.access.annotation.Secured;
import org.springframework.security.core.annotation.AuthenticationPrincipal;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import java.util.List;
@RestController // JSON으로 데이터를 주고받음을 선언합니다.
public class ProductController {
private final ProductService productService;
@Autowired
public ProductController(ProductService productService) {
this.productService = productService;
}
// 신규 상품 등록
@PostMapping("/api/products")
public Product createProduct(@RequestBody ProductRequestDto requestDto,
@AuthenticationPrincipal UserDetailsImpl userDetails) {
// 로그인 되어 있는 회원 테이블의 ID
Long userId = userDetails.getUser().getId();
Product product = productService.createProduct(requestDto, userId);
// 응답 보내기
return product;
}
// 설정 가격 변경
@PutMapping("/api/products/{id}")
public Long updateProduct(@PathVariable Long id, @RequestBody ProductMypriceRequestDto requestDto) {
Product product = productService.updateProduct(id, requestDto);
// 응답 보내기 (업데이트된 상품 id)
return product.getId();
}
// 로그인한 회원이 등록한 관심 상품 조회
@GetMapping("/api/products")
public List<Product> getProducts(@AuthenticationPrincipal UserDetailsImpl userDetails) {
// 로그인 되어 있는 회원 테이블의 ID
Long userId = userDetails.getUser().getId();
return productService.getProducts(userId);
}
// (관리자용) 등록된 모든 상품 목록 조회
@Secured(value = UserRoleEnum.Authority.ADMIN)
@GetMapping("/api/admin/products")
public List<Product> getAllProducts() {
return productService.getAllProducts();
}
}public enum UserRoleEnum {
USER(Authority.USER), // 사용자 권한
ADMIN(Authority.ADMIN); // 관리자 권한
private final String authority;
UserRoleEnum(String authority) {
this.authority = authority;
}
public String getAuthority() {
return this.authority;
}
public static class Authority {
public static final String USER = "ROLE_USER";
public static final String ADMIN = "ROLE_ADMIN";
}
}스프링 시큐리티가 로그인한 회원의 권한을 인식하도록 수정
- [코드스니펫] security > UserDetailsImpl
```java
import com.sparta.springcore.model.User;
import com.sparta.springcore.model.UserRoleEnum;
import org.springframework.security.core.GrantedAuthority;
import org.springframework.security.core.authority.SimpleGrantedAuthority;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
public class UserDetailsImpl implements UserDetails {
private final User user;
public UserDetailsImpl(User user) {
this.user = user;
}
public User getUser() {
return user;
}
@Override
public String getPassword() {
return user.getPassword();
}
@Override
public String getUsername() {
return user.getUsername();
}
@Override
public boolean isAccountNonExpired() {
return true;
}
@Override
public boolean isAccountNonLocked() {
return true;
}
@Override
public boolean isCredentialsNonExpired() {
return true;
}
@Override
public boolean isEnabled() {
return true;
}
@Override
public Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> getAuthorities() {
UserRoleEnum userRole = user.getRole();
String authority = userRole.getAuthority();
SimpleGrantedAuthority simpleAuthority = new SimpleGrantedAuthority(authority);
Collection<GrantedAuthority> authorities = new ArrayList<>();
authorities.add(simpleAuthority);
return authorities;
}
}
```
👉 알아두면 유용한 HTTP Status Code
403 (Forbidden)
클라이언트 오류 상태. 서버에 요청이 전달되었지만, 권한 때문에 거절됨
MDN Docs) https://developer.mozilla.org/ko/docs/Web/HTTP/Status/403
