1. 백업을 위해 오라클 싱글 머신에 Catalog 인스턴스 추가, 디렉토리 생성

1. 백업을 위한 디스크 추가

• Virtual Box에서 Disk 추가 (20 GiB), 설정 -> 저장소 -> 컨트롤러(SATA) 추가

2. 가상머신에서 백업위치에 디스크 마운트

1. 가상머신 부팅 후 fdisk -l 로 디스크 디바이스 이름 및 용량 확인

[root@edu ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 34.4 GB, 34359738368 bytes, 67108864 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000ca538

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         2099200    67108863    32504832   83  Linux

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 31.1 GB, 31134318592 bytes, 60809216 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

2. 디스크 파티션, 리눅스 파일시스템 생성 및 마운트

[root@edu ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x005c9df4.

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-41943039, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-41943039, default 41943039):
Using default value 41943039
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 20 GiB is set

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@edu ~]#

3. 마운트 상태 확인

[root@edu ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sdb

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x005c9df4

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048    41943039    20970496   83  Linux
[root@edu ~]#

4. 파일시스템 생성

[root@edu ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1

mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
1310720 inodes, 5242624 blocks
262131 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2153775104
160 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
        4096000

Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

[root@edu ~]#

5. 백업 디렉토리 생성 및 디스크 마운트

1. 백업 디렉토리 생성

mkdir /backup

2. 디스크 마운트

nano /etc/fstab

#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Fri Jan  6 02:54:12 2023
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/centos-root /                       xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=f8727e35-38d4-489e-ac72-b97d2e1533da /boot                   xfs     defaults        0 0
/dev/mapper/centos-swap swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
/dev/sdb1               /backup                 ext4    defaults        0 0

3. reboot 후 /backup 에 /dev/sdb1 마운트 확인

[root@edu ~]# df -k

Filesystem              1K-blocks     Used Available Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                  8115988        0   8115988   0% /dev
tmpfs                     8133000        0   8133000   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                     8133000     9816   8123184   1% /run
tmpfs                     8133000        0   8133000   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root  30394368 15945580  14448788  53% /
/dev/sdb1                20510288    45080  19400300   1% /backup
/dev/sda1                 1038336   246584    791752  24% /boot
tmpfs                     1626604        8   1626596   1% /run/user/42
tmpfs                     1626604       20   1626584   1% /run/user/0
[root@edu ~]#

6. 백업을 위해 /backup 하위 디렉토리 생성

[root@edu ~]# mkdir /backup/{open,close,rman}
[root@edu ~]# mkdir /backup//rman/{database,arch,cont}
[root@edu ~]# tree /backup
/backup
├── close
├── lost+found
├── open
└── rman
    ├── arch
    ├── cont
    └── database

7 directories, 0 files
[root@edu ~]#

2. 복원의 두 단계

1. Restore

• 백업 파일을 원본 자리에 두기

2. Recover

• 백업 파일을 이용해 복구
• 아카이브 로그와 리두 로그를 참조해 SCN 을 맞추는 작업을 통해 DB Open 상태로 만들어줌

3. 백업 대상

1. Data File

# 가시성 향상을 위해 column 수 지정
SQL> col name for a50
select name, status from v$datafile;

tempfiles

• 백업 대상에서는 제외되나 백업 및 복구 가능
• 실제 서비스에서는 백업은 받지 않으며, 복구시 temp 테이블 스페이스를 새롭게 생성해줌

2. Control file

SQL> select * from v$controlfile;

3. Redo Log file

select a.group#, a.member, b.bytes/1024/1024 MB, b.archived, b.status
from v$logfile a, v$log b
where a.group#=b.group#
order by 1,2;

4. Parameter file & Password file

oracle> cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
oracle> ls

4. 백업의 종류

1. Closed Backup(cold backup)

1. root에서 /backup 하위 디렉토리 생성 및 권한 설정

mkdir -p /backup/close
mkdir -p /backup/open
chown -R oracle:dba /backup

2. Open Backup(hot backup / begin end backup)

참고자료