[~] → python3 --version
Python 3.6.5
[~] → pip3 --version
pip 10.0.1 from /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip (python 3.6)
[~] → pip3 install virtualenv
(installing)
[~] → virtualenv --version
16.0.0
(devenv)
→ pip install djangorestframework
INSTALLED_APPS
에 rest_framework
추가하기api
앱도 같이 추가INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'rest_framework',
'api',
]
# api/models.py
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
class Post(models.Model):
user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
title = models.CharField(max_length=144)
subtitle = models.CharField(max_length=144, blank=True)
content = models.TextField()
created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
def __str__(self):
return '[{}] {}'.format(self.user.username, self.title)
기존 Django를 이용한 웹 개발에서 Django ORM의 Queryset은 Django template로 넘겨지며 HTML로 렌더링 되어 Response로 보내지게 된다. 하지만 RESTful API는 JSON으로 데이터를 보내야하기 때문에 HTML로 렌더링되는 Django template를 사용할 수 없다.
그래서 Queryset을 Nested한 JSON으로 매핑하는 과정을 거쳐야하는데, 이 작업을 Serializer가 하게 된다.
Serializer 작성
# api/serializers.py
from rest_framework import serializers
from .models import Post
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
class UserSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = User
fields = ('id', 'username', 'email')
class PostSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
user = UserSerializer(read_only=True)
class Meta:
model = Post
fields = (
'id',
'title',
'subtitle',
'content',
'created_at',
)
read_only_fields = ('created_at',)
# api/views.py
from rest_framework import viewsets
from .serializers import PostSerializer
from .models import Post
from rest_framework import permissions
class PostView(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
queryset = Post.objects.all()
serializer_class = PostSerializer
permission_classes = (permissions.IsAuthenticated,)
def perform_create(self, serializer):
serializer.save(user=self.request.user)
# api/urls.py
from django.urls import path, include
from rest_framework.urlpatterns import format_suffix_patterns
from .views import PostView
post_list = PostView.as_view({
'post': 'create',
'get': 'list'
})
post_detail = PostView.as_view({
'get': 'retrieve',
'put': 'update',
'patch': 'partial_update',
'delete': 'destroy'
})
urlpatterns = format_suffix_patterns([
path('auth/', include('rest_framework.urls', namespace='rest_framework')),
path('posts/', post_list, name='post_list'),
path('posts/<int:pk>/', post_detail, name='post_detail'),
])
# tutorial/urls.py
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('api/', include('api.urls')),
]
(devenv)
→ python manage.py makemigrations
(devenv)
→ python manage.py migrate
(devenv)
→ python manage.py createsuperuser
(devenv)
→ python manage.py runserver
localhost:8000/api/posts/1/