Docker container 실습
1. 컨테이너 이미지 관리 명령어 사용
totoro@docker-ubuntu:~$ docker search nginx
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL
nginx Official build of Nginx. 19821 [OK]
unit Official build of NGINX Unit: Universal Web … 28 [OK]
nginx/nginx-ingress NGINX and NGINX Plus Ingress Controllers fo… 89
nginxinc/nginx-unprivileged Unprivileged NGINX Dockerfiles 144
nginx/nginx-prometheus-exporter NGINX Prometheus Exporter for NGINX and NGIN… 40
nginxinc/nginx-s3-gateway Authenticating and caching gateway based on … 6
nginx/unit This repository is retired, use the Docker o… 63
nginx/nginx-ingress-operator NGINX Ingress Operator for NGINX and NGINX P… 2
nginxinc/amplify-agent NGINX Amplify Agent docker repository 1
nginx/nginx-quic-qns NGINX QUIC interop 1
nginxinc/ingress-demo Ingress Demo 4
nginxproxy/nginx-proxy Automated nginx proxy for Docker containers … 136
nginxproxy/acme-companion Automated ACME SSL certificate generation fo… 131
bitnami/nginx Bitnami container image for NGINX 186
bitnami/nginx-ingress-controller Bitnami container image for NGINX Ingress Co… 33
bitnami/nginx-exporter Bitnami container image for NGINX Exporter 5
nginxproxy/docker-gen Generate files from docker container meta-da… 17
nginxinc/mra-fakes3 0
ubuntu/nginx Nginx, a high-performance reverse proxy & we… 112
rancher/nginx-ingress-controller 13
kasmweb/nginx An Nginx image based off nginx:alpine and in… 7
nginxinc/ngx-rust-tool 0
nginxinc/mra_python_base 0
rancher/nginx-ingress-controller-defaultbackend
# 오피셜 이미지만 사용하는 것이 좋다
# docker pull 명령어
totoro@docker-ubuntu:~$ docker pull nginx:1.14
1.14: Pulling from library/nginx
27833a3ba0a5: Pull complete
0f23e58bd0b7: Pull complete
8ca774778e85: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:f7988fb6c02e0ce69257d9bd9cf37ae20a60f1df7563c3a2a6abe24160306b8d
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:1.14
docker.io/library/nginx:1.14
# docker images
totoro@docker-ubuntu:~$ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx 1.14 295c7be07902 5 years ago 109MB
# images --no-trunc 옵션 -> 이미지 명을 풀네임으로 출력
totoro@docker-ubuntu:~$ docker images --no-trunc
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx 1.14 sha256:295c7be079025306c4f1d65997fcf7adb411c88f139ad1d34b537164aa060369 5 years ago 109MB
2. 컨테이너 실행 및 운영하기
# docker create -> 기본이 백그라운드로 실행된다.
totoro@docker-ubuntu:~$ docker create --name webserver nginx:1.14
5ee4fffb5b2501499a2bc41c0647066b4679151fe80b6368d763f8d3d4d89757
# docker ps
totoro@docker-ubuntu:~$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
5ee4fffb5b25 nginx:1.14 "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 2 minutes ago Created webserver
# docker start
totoro@docker-ubuntu:~$ docker start webserver
webserver
totoro@docker-ubuntu:~$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
5ee4fffb5b25 nginx:1.14 "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 3 minutes ago Up 8 seconds 80/tcp webserver
# docker inspect webserver
[
{
"Id": "5ee4fffb5b2501499a2bc41c0647066b4679151fe80b6368d763f8d3d4d89757",
"Created": "2024-05-09T14:08:04.623071089Z",
"Path": "nginx",
"Args": [
"-g",
"daemon off;"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 83980,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2024-05-09T14:11:11.820904239Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
# 중략
# 레이어는 뭐를 쓰고 있는지 속도 및 볼륨 마운트 등 세부적인 내용 확인
# ip 주소만 확인
totoro@docker-ubuntu:~$ docker inspect --format '{{.NetworkSettings.IPAddress}}' webserver
172.17.0.2alias 명령어로 컨테이너 ip주소 확인하는 명령어
# alias 명령어로 등록
totoro@docker-ubuntu:~$ alias cip="docker inspect --format '{{.NetworkSettings.IPAddress}'"
totoro@docker-ubuntu:~$ alias
alias alert='notify-send --urgency=low -i "$([ $? = 0 ] && echo terminal || echo error)" "$(history|tail -n1|sed -e '\''s/^\s*[0-9]\+\s*//;s/[;&|]\s*alert$//'\'')"'
alias cip='docker inspect --format '\''{{.NetworkSettings.IPAddress}}'\'''
alias egrep='egrep --color=auto'
alias fgrep='fgrep --color=auto'
alias grep='grep --color=auto'
alias l='ls -CF'
alias la='ls -A'
alias ll='ls -alF'
alias ls='ls --color=auto'
# alias로 등록한 명령어 사용
totoro@docker-ubuntu:~$ cip webserver
172.17.0.2
확인한 컨테이너 ip주소를 이용해 확인
totoro@docker-ubuntu:~$ curl 172.17.0.2
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
body {
width: 35em;
margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>log 확인
totoro@docker-ubuntu:~$ docker logs webserver
172.17.0.1 - - [09/May/2024:14:23:34 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "curl/7.68.0" "-"
# 200번이면 정상
# 실시간 log 확인
totoro@docker-ubuntu:~$ docker logs -f webserver
172.17.0.1 - - [09/May/2024:14:23:34 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "curl/7.68.0" "-"
2024/05/10 10:07:52 [error] 6#6: *2 open() "/usr/share/nginx/html/b.html" failed (2: No such file or directory), client: 172.17.0.1, server: localhost, request: "GET /b.html HTTP/1.1", host: "172.17.0.2"
172.17.0.1 - - [10/May/2024:10:07:52 +0000] "GET /b.html HTTP/1.1" 404 169 "-" "curl/7.68.0" "-"
top 명령어로 프로세스 확인
totoro@docker-ubuntu:~$ docker top webserver
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 83980 83957 0 5월09 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx -g daemon off;
systemd+ 83999 83980 0 5월09 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
exec 명령어로 직접 연결
# -i:interactive / -t:terminal
totoro@docker-ubuntu:~$ docker exec -it webserver /bin/bash
root@5ee4fffb5b25:/# cd /usr/share/nginx/html/
root@5ee4fffb5b25:/usr/share/nginx/html# ls
50x.html index.html
root@5ee4fffb5b25:/usr/share/nginx/html# cat index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
body {
width: 35em;
margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
# index.html 변경해보기
root@5ee4fffb5b25:/usr/share/nginx/html# echo "totoro's HOMEPAGE" > index.html
root@5ee4fffb5b25:/usr/share/nginx/html# exit
exit
totoro@docker-ubuntu:~$ curl 172.17.0.2
totoro's HOMEPAGE3. 컨테이너 종료하기
# 컨테이너 중지
totoro@docker-ubuntu:~$ docker stop webserver
webserver
totoro@docker-ubuntu:~$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
5ee4fffb5b25 nginx:1.14 "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 20 hours ago Exited (0) 3 seconds ago webserver
totoro@docker-ubuntu:~$ docker start webserver
webserver
totoro@docker-ubuntu:~$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
5ee4fffb5b25 nginx:1.14 "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 20 hours ago Up 3 seconds 80/tcp webserver
totoro@docker-ubuntu:~$ curl 172.17.0.2
totoro's HOMEPAGE
# 컨테이너 삭제
# docker remove
totoro@docker-ubuntu:~$ docker rm webserver
Error response from daemon: cannot remove container "/webserver": container is running: stop the container before removing or force remove
# 에러가 뜨는 이유는 컨테이너를 종료하고 삭제해야하는데 -f 옵션을 주면 강제로 삭제할 수 있다.
totoro@docker-ubuntu:~$ docker rm -f webserver
webserver
totoro@docker-ubuntu:~$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
문제풀이
아래 조건대로 컨테이너를 실행하세요
- 아파치 웹서버 컨테이너 이미지를 검색하고 다운로드하세요
- 다운로드한 아파치 웹서버를 백그라운드로 실행(detach), 컨테이너 이름: web으로 동작 시키세요
- 동작중인 컨테이너 목록을 확인해서 web 컨테이너가 running중인지 확인하세요
- 실행중인 web 컨테이너의 IP Address를 확인해보세요
- curl 명령으로 접속시도 어떤 웹페이지가 표시되나요?
- web 컨테이너가 만들어내는 로그를 출력하세요.
- 실행중인 모든 컨테이너를 중지하고 삭제하세요.
- 다운로드 된 컨테이너 이미지를 삭제하세요
# 1
totoro@docker-ubuntu:~$ docker pull httpd
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/httpd
Digest: sha256:36c8c79f900108f0f09fd4148ad35ade57cba0dc19d13f3d15be24ce94e6a639
Status: Image is up to date for httpd:latest
docker.io/library/httpd:latest
# 2
totoro@docker-ubuntu:~$ docker create --name web httpd:latest
11dad59fbcc2383d7c3e7b97f846aab1ce136858965031cc980f37b536eed9d6
totoro@docker-ubuntu:~$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
11dad59fbcc2 httpd:latest "httpd-foreground" 3 seconds ago Created web
totoro@docker-ubuntu:~$ docker start web
web
# 3
totoro@docker-ubuntu:~$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
11dad59fbcc2 httpd:latest "httpd-foreground" 11 seconds ago Up 2 seconds 80/tcp web
# 4 alias로 추가해준 명령어 사용
totoro@docker-ubuntu:~$ cip web
172.17.0.2
# 5
totoro@docker-ubuntu:~$ curl 172.17.0.2
<html><body><h1>It works!</h1></body></html>
# 6
totoro@docker-ubuntu:~$ docker logs web
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
[Fri May 10 10:32:45.059676 2024] [mpm_event:notice] [pid 1:tid 140263581190016] AH00489: Apache/2.4.59 (Unix) configured -- resuming normal operations
[Fri May 10 10:32:45.060146 2024] [core:notice] [pid 1:tid 140263581190016] AH00094: Command line: 'httpd -D FOREGROUND'
172.17.0.1 - - [10/May/2024:10:33:21 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 45
# 7
totoro@docker-ubuntu:~$ docker rm -f web
web
totoro@docker-ubuntu:~$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
# 8
totoro@docker-ubuntu:~$ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
httpd latest 67c2fc9e3d84 4 weeks ago 147MB
totoro@docker-ubuntu:~$ docker rmi httpd
Untagged: httpd:latest
Untagged: httpd@sha256:36c8c79f900108f0f09fd4148ad35ade57cba0dc19d13f3d15be24ce94e6a639
totoro@docker-ubuntu:~$ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
Viva La Vida