622. Design Circular Queue

• python3

Problem

Design your implementation of the circular queue. The circular queue is a linear data structure in which the operations are performed based on FIFO (First In First Out) principle, and the last position is connected back to the first position to make a circle. It is also called "Ring Buffer".

One of the benefits of the circular queue is that we can make use of the spaces in front of the queue. In a normal queue, once the queue becomes full, we cannot insert the next element even if there is a space in front of the queue. But using the circular queue, we can use the space to store new values.

Implement the MyCircularQueue class:

• MyCircularQueue(k) Initializes the object with the size of the queue to be k.
• int Front() Gets the front item from the queue. If the queue is empty, return -1.
• int Rear() Gets the last item from the queue. If the queue is empty, return -1.
• boolean enQueue(int value) Inserts an element into the circular queue. Return true if the operation is successful.
• boolean deQueue() Deletes an element from the circular queue. Return true if the operation is successful.
• boolean isEmpty() Checks whether the circular queue is empty or not.
• boolean isFull() Checks whether the circular queue is full or not.
• You must solve the problem without using the built-in queue data structure in your programming language.

Example 1:

Input
["MyCircularQueue", "enQueue", "enQueue", "enQueue", "enQueue", "Rear", "isFull", "deQueue", "enQueue", "Rear"]
[[3], [1], [2], [3], [4], [], [], [], [4], []]
Output
[null, true, true, true, false, 3, true, true, true, 4]

Explanation
MyCircularQueue myCircularQueue = new MyCircularQueue(3);
myCircularQueue.enQueue(1); // return True
myCircularQueue.enQueue(2); // return True
myCircularQueue.enQueue(3); // return True
myCircularQueue.enQueue(4); // return False
myCircularQueue.Rear();     // return 3
myCircularQueue.isFull();   // return True
myCircularQueue.deQueue();  // return True
myCircularQueue.enQueue(4); // return True
myCircularQueue.Rear();     // return 4

Constraints:

• 1 <= k <= 1000
• 0 <= value <= 1000
• At most 3000 calls will be made to enQueue, deQueue, Front, Rear, isEmpty, and isFull.

Plan Solution

Code

class MyCircularQueue:

    def __init__(self, k: int):
        self.data = [0] *k
        self.maxSize = k
        self.head = 0
        self.tail = -1

        

    def enQueue(self, value: int) -> bool:
        if self.isFull(): return False
        self.tail = (self.tail + 1) % self.maxSize
        self.data[self.tail] = value
        return True

    def deQueue(self) -> bool:
        if self.isEmpty(): return False
        if self.head == self.tail: self.head, self.tail = 0, -1
        else: self.head = (self.head + 1) % self.maxSize
        return True

    def Front(self) -> int:
        return -1 if self.isEmpty() else self.data[self.head]

    def Rear(self) -> int:
        return -1 if self.isEmpty() else self.data[self.tail]

    def isEmpty(self) -> bool:
        return self.tail == -1

    def isFull(self) -> bool:
        return not self.isEmpty() and (self.tail+1) % self.maxSize == self.head


# Your MyCircularQueue object will be instantiated and called as such:
# obj = MyCircularQueue(k)
# param_1 = obj.enQueue(value)
# param_2 = obj.deQueue()
# param_3 = obj.Front()
# param_4 = obj.Rear()
# param_5 = obj.isEmpty()
# param_6 = obj.isFull()

Result