주의

Django Rest Framework를 장고 프로젝트에 설정할 수 있어야한다!

모델 클래스

class Toy(models.Model):
    created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=150, blank=False, default='')
    description = models.CharField(max_length=250, blank=True, default='')
    toy_category = models.CharField(max_length=200, blank=False, default='')
    release_date = models.DateTimeField()
    was_included_in_home = models.BooleanField(default=False)

    class Meta:
        ordering = ('name',)

Serializer 클래스

from rest_framework import serializers
from toys.models import Toy

class ToySerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    pk = serializers.IntegerField(read_only=True)
    name = serializers.CharField(max_length=150)
    description = serializers.CharField(max_length=250)
    release_date = serializers.DateTimeField()
    toy_category = serializers.CharField(max_length=200)
    was_included_in_home = serializers.BooleanField(required=False)
    
    def create(self, validated_data):
        return Toy.objects.create(**validated_data)

    def update(self, instance, validated_data):
        instance.name = validated_data.get('name', instance.name)
        instance.description = validated_data.get('description', instance.description)
        instance.release_date = validated_data.get('release_date', instance.release_date)
        instance.toy_category = validated_data.get('toy_category', instance.toy_category)
        instance.was_included_in_home = validated_data.get('was_included_in_home', instance.was_included_in_home)
        instance.save()
        return instance

장고 쉘 실행

python manage.py shell

지금 부터 파이썬 쉘에 한줄 한줄 입력해야한다...

imports

from datetime import datetime
from django.utils import timezone
from io import BytesIO
from rest_framework.renderers import JSONRenderer
from rest_framework.parsers import JSONParser
from toys.models import Toy
from toys.serializers import ToySerializer

객체 생성

toy_release_date = timezone.make_aware(datetime.now(), timezone.get_current_timezone())

toy1 = Toy(name='Snoopy talking action figure', 
    description='Snoopy speaks five languages', 
    release_date=toy_release_date, 
    toy_category='Action figures', 
    was_included_in_home=False)
toy1.save()

객체 확인

print(toy1.pk)
print(toy1.name)
print(toy1.created)
print(toy1.was_included_in_home)

파이썬 객체 to 딕셔너리

모델 객체를 파이썬 딕셔너리로 변환한다.

serializer_for_toy1 = ToySerializer(toy1)
print(serializer_for_toy1.data)

{
  'pk': 1,
  'name': 'Snoopy talking action figure',
  'description': 'Snoopy speaks five languages',
  'release_date': '2017-10-09T12:11:37.090335Z',
  'toy_category': 'Action figures',
  'was_included_in_home': False
}

Serialization

JSONRenderer 의 render() 메서드는 위에서 만든 딕셔너리를 바이너리 JSON 형태로 변환해준다.

json_renderer = JSONRenderer()
toy1_rendered_into_json = json_renderer.render(serializer_for_toy1.data)
print(toy1_rendered_into_json)

b'{"pk":1,"name":"Snoopy talking action figure", "description": "Snoopy speaks five languages", "release_date": "2017-10-09T12:11:37.090335Z", "toy_category": "Action figures", "was_included_in_home": false}

Deserialization

JSON 문자열을 바이트 타입으로 바꾸고, ByteIO 객체로 바꾼다. JSONParser 의 parser() 메서드를 이용하여 딕셔너리 형태로 변환한다.

json_string_for_new_toy = '{"name":"Clash Royale play set","description":"6 figures from Clash Royale", "release_date":"2017-10-09T12:10:00.776594Z","toy_category":"Playset","was_included_in_home":false}'
json_bytes_for_new_toy = bytes(json_string_for_new_toy, encoding="UTF-8")
stream_for_new_toy = BytesIO(json_bytes_for_new_toy)
parser = JSONParser()
parsed_new_toy = parser.parse(stream_for_new_toy)
print(parsed_new_toy)

{
    'name': 'Clash Royale play set',
    'description': '6 figures from Clash Royale',
    'release_date': '2017-10-09T12:10:00.776594Z',
    'toy_category': 'Playset',
    'was_included_in_home': False
}

저장

위에서 만든 딕셔너리를 Serializer 객체를 이용해 Toy 객체로 변환하고 데이터베이스에 저장한다.

new_toy_serializer = ToySerializer(data=parsed_new_toy)
if new_toy_serializer.is_valid():
    toy3 = new_toy_serializer.save()

장고 쉘 종료

quit()