TIL: Python Basics Day 12 - Scope/ The Number Guessing Game

It took five days to come back to studying routine. Blackjack project was overwelming :(
I realised that studying bit by bit everyday is more important than studying a lot in one day and having five days off. I forgot small details and had to spend time to recap things.

Local Scope

exist within a function
only valid within the walls of this function

Global Scope

valid anywhere within the python file

Namespace

valid in certain scope

e.g.

play_health = 10

def game():
	def drink_potion():
    	potion_strength = 2
        print(player_health)
        
    drink_potion() #-> nested function, 
    

drink_postion() is nested two levels deep
it only can be called inside the game() function

There is no block scope in python unlike Java, C++
variables within if, else, for, while code blocks with colon and indentation, they don't count as creating a local scope/ fence. Unless within the function, it has a global scope.

Modifying a Global Variable: Avoid!

Constants & Global Scope

Global constants: Variable that you will never ever change.
naming convention: all upper case.
PI = 3.14159

Project: The Number Guessing Game

It was my first solo flying project, which I wrote from scrath without Angela's direction. I started writing down requirements lists and flow chart.
-My flow chart looks very tacky but I will leave it here for future reference to see how much I progressed lol
-I struggled with scope of variables when I tried to use multiple functions, so I put everything in one function. However, Angela tackled it somehow. hmmmm Mine worked fine but gotta try one more time by using multiple ifs.

• Sentences collecting
  -You have # attempts remaining to guess the number.
  -Choose a difficulty.

#-----------------------------<My code>----------------------------
logo = """


  _   _                 _                  _____                     _                _____                      
 | \ | |               | |                / ____|                   (_)              / ____|                     
 |  \| |_   _ _ __ ___ | |__   ___ _ __  | |  __ _   _  ___  ___ ___ _ _ __   __ _  | |  __  __ _ _ __ ___   ___ 
 | . ` | | | | '_ ` _ \| '_ \ / _ \ '__| | | |_ | | | |/ _ \/ __/ __| | '_ \ / _` | | | |_ |/ _` | '_ ` _ \ / _ \
 | |\  | |_| | | | | | | |_) |  __/ |    | |__| | |_| |  __/\__ \__ \ | | | | (_| | | |__| | (_| | | | | | |  __/
 |_| \_|\__,_|_| |_| |_|_.__/ \___|_|     \_____|\__,_|\___||___/___/_|_| |_|\__, |  \_____|\__,_|_| |_| |_|\___|
                                                                              __/ |                              
                                                                             |___/                               
"""
#from art import logo
import random

answer = random.randint(1, 100)

EASY = 10
HARD = 5
attempt = 0

def guessing():
  answer = random.randint(0, 100)
  #print(f"\n pssst answer is {answer}")
  print(logo)
  print("I'm thinking of a number between 1 and 100.")
  level = input("Choose a difficulty level 'easy' or 'hard'? ")
  if level == 'easy':
    attempt = EASY
  else:
    attempt = HARD
   
  while attempt > 0:
    guess = int(input("Make a guess: "))
    if guess == answer:
      break
    elif guess > answer:
      attempt -= 1
      print( f"Too high. You have {attempt}  attempts left")
      
    elif guess < answer:
      attempt -= 1
      print(f"Too low. You have {attempt} attempts left")
   
  if attempt > 0 and guess == answer:
    print("\n Congrats. You guessed it! \n")
  elif attempt == 0 and guess != answer: 
    print("\n Out of attempts. You lose. \n") 
  if input("Restart? y or n: ") == "y":
    guessing()

guessing()

retry with Angela's help

Read "🚨" part carefully.
function, return: output or exit the function, assign empty variable to be able to use it, using same variable name to contain different output in the flow of the code... omg so confusing here.
It will take some time to get use to it....

from random import randint

#generate random number

EASY_LEVEL = 10
HARD_LEVEL = 5

def check_answer(guess, answer, turns):
  """ chekcs answer against guess, returns the number of turns remaining """
  if guess == answer:  
    print(f"Congrats. Answer was {answer}")
    if input("restart? y or n: ") == "y":
      game()
    return
  elif guess > answer:
    print("Too high")
    return turns -1 # 🚨 before, I used += which is bound to variable 
  elif guess < answer:
    print("Too low")
    return turns -1

#set difficulty and attempts
def difficulty():
  level = input("Choose a difficulty. easy or hard?: ")
  # 🚨 in this stage, creating global constants
  
  if level == "easy":
    return EASY_LEVEL
    
    """ 🚨 if I create variable'turns' using =, inside function, 
    it's no use as it's local, instead,
    use return so I can use it whenever I call this function: 
    set global var and assign the function to get output."""
    
    print("10 attempts")
  else:
    return HARD_LEVEL 
    print("5 attempts")


def game():
  answer = randint(1, 100)

  print("welcome")
  print(answer)
  #loop user guess - compare - result if they get it wrong. if get it right, finish.
  
  turns = difficulty() 
  """🚨setting local variable turns,output of difficult() 
  is EASY_LEVEL OR HARD_LEVEL 
  which contains 10, 5 each and
  it's number of turns."""

  guess = 0 """ 🚨 when creating while loop,
  guess is defined after while, 
  so make an empty one first.
  it will be only used once. """
  
  while guess != answer and turns != 0:
  	#get user guess 
    print(f"you have {turns} attempts remaining to guess the number.")
    guess = int(input("Guess a number btw 1 to 100: "))
    
    #compare guess with answer #show result
    #track thenumber of turns, reduce by 1 if they get it wrong 
   
    turns = check_answer(guess, answer, turns) # 🚨check_answer returns output: turns -1   
    
    if turns == 0:
      print("you've run out of guess the number")
      if input("restart? y or n: ") == "y":
        game()
      return # 🚨 to exit and end function
    
game()

ASCII generator