1. Computer Organization

생성일: 2021년 9월 12일 오후 6:31

What is a Computer?

• Computation
• Communication
• Storage/memory

Key Topics

• Moore's Law, power wall
• Use of abstractions
• Assembly language
• Computer arithmetic
• Pipelining
• Using predictions
• Memory hierarchies
• Reliability

Moore's Law, power wall

• 마이크로칩의 밀도가 18개월마다 2배로 늘어난다는 법칙
• single thread 성능 개선을 위한 아이디어 부족
• Power wall로 인해 복잡한 기능 추가하기 어려워짐
• Power wall이 주파수를 증가시키는 것을 어렵게 함

What Does This Mean to a Programmer?

• A program needs many threads
• The threads need efficient synchronization and communication
• Data placement in the memory hierarchy is important
• Accelerators should be used when possible

Operating System

• Interfaces between a user’s program and the hardware and provides a variety of services and supervisory functions.
• Important functions
  • Handling basic input and output operations
  • Allocating storage and memory
  • Providing for protected sharing of the computer among multi applications using it simultaneously

Computer Components

• Input/Output devices
• Secondary storage: non-volatile(비휘발성), slower, cheaper
• Primary storage: volatile, faster, costlier
• CPU processor(data-path and control)

Manufacturing Process

• Silicon wafers undergo many processing steps so that different parts of the wafer behave as insulators, conductors, and transistors (switches)
• Multiple metal layers on the silicon enable connections between transistors
• The wafer is chopped into many dies – the size of the die determines yield and cost