statefulSet
을 구성하기 위해서는 Headless
서비스를 필수적으로 사용해야한다. 왜냐하면 기존에 배웠던 rs
나 ds
같은 경우 Pod
가 삭제되면 그저 desired
를 채우기위해 셋팅된 이미지를 받아서 Pod
하나 만들어주기만 하면 그만이었지만 Statefulset
은 Database
같은 mutable
어플리케이션이기 때문에 아무 Pod
만 만들어서는 안되고 정확히 기존에 사용하던 그 Pod
가 다시 만들어져야한다. 그렇게 하기 위해서 Headless
가 부여하는 Pod
의 고유성
을 이용하게된다.
myweb-svc.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: myweb-svc
spec:
type: ClusterIP
selector:
app: web
ports:
- port: 80
targetPort: 8080
myweb-svc-headless.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: myweb-svc-headless
spec:
type: ClusterIP
clusterIP: None # <-- Headless Service
selector:
app: web
ports:
- port: 80
targetPort: 8080
myweb-rs.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: ReplicaSet
metadata:
name: myweb-rs
spec:
replicas: 3
selector:
matchLabels:
app: web
env: dev
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: web
env: dev
spec:
containers:
- name: myweb
image: ghcr.io/c1t1d0s7/go-myweb
ports:
- containerPort: 8080
protocol: TCP
yaml파일
구성은 아래와 같다. 기존에 사용하던ClusterIP svc
가 있고 이번 실습을 위해 만든Headless svc
가 있다. 물론rs
에서만든Pod
들을 두 서비스 모두 참조하고 있다.
kubectl create -f .
kubectl run nettool -it --image ghcr.io/c1t1d0s7/network-multitool --rm
> host myweb-svc
> host myweb-svc-headless
위에서 설명했듯 두 서비스 모두 동작하는 것을 확인할 수 있다.
그리고 두 서비스를 접속해보면 아래와같이
headless
서비스는Pod
들마다 고유한 주소를 가지고 있다는 것을 확인할 수 있다.
이 상태에서Statefulset
을 하게되면FQDN
이 다 다르게 된다.
즉,Pod
에 고유성을 부여할 수 있다.
myweb-svc-headless.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: myweb-svc-headless
spec:
type: ClusterIP
clusterIP: None # <-- Headless Service
selector:
app: web
ports:
- port: 80
targetPort: 8080
myweb-sts.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
name: myweb-sts
spec:
replicas: 3
serviceName: myweb-svc-headless
selector:
matchLabels:
app: web
env: dev
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: web
env: dev
spec:
containers:
- name: myweb
image: ghcr.io/c1t1d0s7/go-myweb
ports:
- containerPort: 8080
protocol: TCP
kubectl create -f .
kubectl run nettool -it --image ghcr.io/c1t1d0s7/network-multitool --rm
> host myweb-svc-headless
> host myweb-sts-0.myweb-svc-headless
> host myweb-sts-1.myweb-svc-headless
> host myweb-sts-2.myweb-svc-headless
watch -n1 kubectl get sts,po kubectl delete po myweb-sts-2
이렇게 삭제했던 Pod가 똑같은 고유성을 가지고 생성되는 것을 확인할 수 있다. 그리고 항상 순서를 지키면서 스케일링하게 된다
그리고
statefulSet
을 사용하는 경우와 사용하지 않는 경우를 비교하자면 가장 큰 예로Database
를 들 수 있다. 그리고Database
는 생성 되자마자 고유하게 붙어야하므로다이나믹 프로비저닝
을 사용하게 된다. 일단볼륨
을 고유하게Pod
에pvc
와pv
를 붙여주고 이후 동기화를 할것인지 안할것인지는 그 다음 문제로 넘어가게된다.
myweb-sts-vol.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
name: myweb-sts-vol
spec:
replicas: 3
serviceName: myweb-svc-headless
selector:
matchLabels:
app: web
env: dev
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: web
env: dev
spec:
containers:
- name: myweb
image: ghcr.io/c1t1d0s7/go-myweb:alpine
ports:
- containerPort: 8080
protocol: TCP
volumeMounts:
- name: myweb-pvc
mountPath: /data
volumeClaimTemplates:
- metadata:
name: myweb-pvc
spec:
accessMode:
- ReadWriteOnce
resources:
requests:
storage: 1G
storageClassName: nfs-client
kubectl create -f myweb-svc-headless.yaml
kubectl create -f myweb-sts-vol.yaml
kubectl get sts,po,pv,pvc
kubectl scale sts myweb-sts-vol --replicas=2
### myweb-sts-vol-0이라는 볼륨에 임시로 파일을 만들어준다. kubectl exec myweb-sts-vol-0 -it -- sh cd /data/ ls touch a b c ls
### 그리고 myweb-sts-vol-0이라는 볼륨으로 접속해보면 ### 볼륨이 서로 고유한 것을 확인할 수 있다. kubectl exec myweb-sts-vol-0 -it -- sh cd /data/ ls
https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/run-application/run-replicated-stateful-application/
mysql-configmap.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: mysql
labels:
app: mysql
data:
primary.cnf: |
# Apply this config only on the primary.
[mysqld]
log-bin
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
replica.cnf: |
# Apply this config only on replicas.
[mysqld]
super-read-only
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
mysql-services.yaml
# Headless service for stable DNS entries of StatefulSet members.
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: mysql
labels:
app: mysql
spec:
ports:
- name: mysql
port: 3306
clusterIP: None
selector:
app: mysql
---
# Client service for connecting to any MySQL instance for reads.
# For writes, you must instead connect to the primary: mysql-0.mysql.
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: mysql-read
labels:
app: mysql
spec:
ports:
- name: mysql
port: 3306
selector:
app: mysql
mysql-statefulset.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
name: mysql
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: mysql
serviceName: mysql
replicas: 2
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: mysql
spec:
initContainers:
- name: init-mysql
image: mysql:5.7
command:
- bash
- "-c"
- |
set -ex
# Generate mysql server-id from pod ordinal index.
[[ `hostname` =~ -([0-9]+)$ ]] || exit 1
ordinal=${BASH_REMATCH[1]}
echo [mysqld] > /mnt/conf.d/server-id.cnf
# Add an offset to avoid reserved server-id=0 value.
echo server-id=$((100 + $ordinal)) >> /mnt/conf.d/server-id.cnf
# Copy appropriate conf.d files from config-map to emptyDir.
if [[ $ordinal -eq 0 ]]; then
cp /mnt/config-map/primary.cnf /mnt/conf.d/
else
cp /mnt/config-map/replica.cnf /mnt/conf.d/
fi
volumeMounts:
- name: conf
mountPath: /mnt/conf.d
- name: config-map
mountPath: /mnt/config-map
- name: clone-mysql
image: gcr.io/google-samples/xtrabackup:1.0
command:
- bash
- "-c"
- |
set -ex
# Skip the clone if data already exists.
[[ -d /var/lib/mysql/mysql ]] && exit 0
# Skip the clone on primary (ordinal index 0).
[[ `hostname` =~ -([0-9]+)$ ]] || exit 1
ordinal=${BASH_REMATCH[1]}
[[ $ordinal -eq 0 ]] && exit 0
# Clone data from previous peer.
ncat --recv-only mysql-$(($ordinal-1)).mysql 3307 | xbstream -x -C /var/lib/mysql
# Prepare the backup.
xtrabackup --prepare --target-dir=/var/lib/mysql
volumeMounts:
- name: data
mountPath: /var/lib/mysql
subPath: mysql
- name: conf
mountPath: /etc/mysql/conf.d
containers:
- name: mysql
image: mysql:5.7
env:
- name: MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD
value: "1"
ports:
- name: mysql
containerPort: 3306
volumeMounts:
- name: data
mountPath: /var/lib/mysql
subPath: mysql
- name: conf
mountPath: /etc/mysql/conf.d
resources:
requests:
cpu: 500m
memory: 1Gi
livenessProbe:
exec:
command: ["mysqladmin", "ping"]
initialDelaySeconds: 30
periodSeconds: 10
timeoutSeconds: 5
readinessProbe:
exec:
# Check we can execute queries over TCP (skip-networking is off).
command: ["mysql", "-h", "127.0.0.1", "-e", "SELECT 1"]
initialDelaySeconds: 5
periodSeconds: 2
timeoutSeconds: 1
- name: xtrabackup
image: gcr.io/google-samples/xtrabackup:1.0
ports:
- name: xtrabackup
containerPort: 3307
command:
- bash
- "-c"
- |
set -ex
cd /var/lib/mysql
# Determine binlog position of cloned data, if any.
if [[ -f xtrabackup_slave_info && "x$(<xtrabackup_slave_info)" != "x" ]]; then
# XtraBackup already generated a partial "CHANGE MASTER TO" query
# because we're cloning from an existing replica. (Need to remove the tailing semicolon!)
cat xtrabackup_slave_info | sed -E 's/;$//g' > change_master_to.sql.in
# Ignore xtrabackup_binlog_info in this case (it's useless).
rm -f xtrabackup_slave_info xtrabackup_binlog_info
elif [[ -f xtrabackup_binlog_info ]]; then
# We're cloning directly from primary. Parse binlog position.
[[ `cat xtrabackup_binlog_info` =~ ^(.*?)[[:space:]]+(.*?)$ ]] || exit 1
rm -f xtrabackup_binlog_info xtrabackup_slave_info
echo "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE='${BASH_REMATCH[1]}',\
MASTER_LOG_POS=${BASH_REMATCH[2]}" > change_master_to.sql.in
fi
# Check if we need to complete a clone by starting replication.
if [[ -f change_master_to.sql.in ]]; then
echo "Waiting for mysqld to be ready (accepting connections)"
until mysql -h 127.0.0.1 -e "SELECT 1"; do sleep 1; done
echo "Initializing replication from clone position"
mysql -h 127.0.0.1 \
-e "$(<change_master_to.sql.in), \
MASTER_HOST='mysql-0.mysql', \
MASTER_USER='root', \
MASTER_PASSWORD='', \
MASTER_CONNECT_RETRY=10; \
START SLAVE;" || exit 1
# In case of container restart, attempt this at-most-once.
mv change_master_to.sql.in change_master_to.sql.orig
fi
# Start a server to send backups when requested by peers.
exec ncat --listen --keep-open --send-only --max-conns=1 3307 -c \
"xtrabackup --backup --slave-info --stream=xbstream --host=127.0.0.1 --user=root"
volumeMounts:
- name: data
mountPath: /var/lib/mysql
subPath: mysql
- name: conf
mountPath: /etc/mysql/conf.d
resources:
requests:
cpu: 100m
memory: 100Mi
volumes:
- name: conf
emptyDir: {}
- name: config-map
configMap:
name: mysql
volumeClaimTemplates:
- metadata:
name: data
spec:
accessModes: ["ReadWriteOnce"]
resources:
requests:
storage: 10Gi
kubectl create -f .
kubectl get sts,po,pv,pvc,svs,ep
아래와 같이 Pod와 pv, pvc등등이 2개씩 잘 생성된 것을 확인할 수 있다.
kubectl run nettool -it --image ghcr.io/c1t1d0s7/network-multitool --rm
>host mysql
>mysql -h mysql-0.mysql -u root
동기화가 잘 된 것을 확인할 수 있다.
그리고 편집을 시도했지만 Readonly이기 때문에 불가능한 것을 확인할 수 있다.
이번에 실습해본 Mysql DB의 구조는 크게
로 나누어 생각할 수 있다.
최초 동기화는 init-mysql
메인어플리케이션은 mysql
이후 동기화는 xtrabackup이 그 역할을 하고 있다.