IaaS(Infrastructure as a Service)

서비스 제공자가 컴퓨팅 리소스를 네트워크를 통해 서비스로 제공하는 모델이다.

IaaS의 대표적인 서비스에 스토리지, 호스팅, 컴퓨팅, 네트워킹 등이 포함된다.

자신이 직접 서버 컴퓨터를 구매해서 네트워크 설정을 하고 보안 설정을 하는 등의 복잡한 과정이 필요없다. 필요할 때, 필요한 만큼의 자원만 빌려서 사용할 수 있다.

직접 서버 컴퓨터를 구매할 필요는 없지만, 다양한 서비스 구축에 대한 지식이 필요하다. 예를 들어, 서버 인스턴스를 만들어서 트래픽 관리를 하지 않으면 서버가 터질 수도 있다.

아마존의 aws와 같은 서비스가 대표적인 예시다. EC2, S3와 같은 서비스로 사용자는 서버 자원이나 파일 저장소를 빌려서 사용할 수 있다.

기업의 애플리케이션 실행 환경 및 애플리케이션 개발 환경을 서비스로 제공하는 모델이다.

IaaS가 각각의 서비스를 구매해서 서비스를 구축해야되는 것과 달리, 하드웨어와 OS, 미들웨어(ex. 데이터베이스)까지 구축되어 있는 서비스다. IaaS와 달리 사용자가 인프라 관리에 힘을 쓰지 않아도 된다.

Java, PHP, Javascript 등의 프로그래밍 언어를 사용하여 사용자가 개발한 애플리케이션을 운영할 수 있다.

위의 프로그래밍 언어를 지원하는 애플리케이션 실행 환경이나 데이터베이스 등이 미리 마련되어 있어 단기간에 응용 프로그램을 개발하여 서비스를 제공할 수 있다.

대표적인 서비스로 구글 App Engine이 있다. App Engine을 구글은 아래와 같이 설명을 하고 있다.

서비스 제공자가 사용자에게 소프트웨어(어플리케이션) 서비스를 제공하는 모델이다.

하드웨어와 OS, 미들웨어, 애플리케이션까지 구축되어 있는 소프트웨어를 서비스로 이용하는 것으로, 사용자는 서비스를 사용하기만 하면 된다.

서비스 제공자가 모든 SW를 만들어서 다양한 플랫폼에 제공하는 경우가 많은데, 모바일, 데스크톱 환경에 관련없이 모두 접근할 수 있는 경우가 많다.

대표적으로 Microsoft Onenote, Google Drive 와 같이 완성된 형태의 SW가 있습니다. 사용자들은 비용만 내고 소프트웨어(어플리케이션) 서비스를 사용하면 됩니다.

내가 주말에 AZ 900을 공부하는데, 참고한 사이트는 마이크로소프트 런(https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/learn/)과 https://www.itexams.com/exam/AZ-900?을 참고했었고 Az 900과 관련된 시험 문제란 문제를 풀어본 다음에 문제지를 외우고 거기에 이해를 하려면 문서에 들어가서 읽어서 이해를 하는 방식을 택했다. 이건 내 개인적인 방식이지만 시험 공부를 준비한다.

Compute

Compute services are often one of the primary reasons why companies move to the Azure platform. Azure provides a range of options for hosting applications and services. Here are some examples of compute services in Azure.

Azure Virtual Machines

Windows or Linux virtual machines (VMs) hosted in Azure.

Azure Virtual Machine Scale Sets

Scaling for Windows or Linux VMs hosted in Azure.

Azure Kubernetes Service

Cluster management for VMs that run containerized services.

Azure Service Fabric

Distributed systems platform that runs in Azure or on-premises.

Azure Batch

Managed service for parallel and high-performance computing applications.

Azure Container Instances

Containerized apps run on Azure without provisioning servers or VMs.

Azure Functions

An event-driven, serverless compute service.

Networking

Linking compute resources and providing access to applications is the key function of Azure networking. Networking functionality in Azure includes a range of options to connect the outside world to services and features in the global Azure datacenters.

Here are some examples of networking services in Azure.

Azure Virtual Network

Connects VMs to incoming virtual private network (VPN) connections.

Azure Load Balancer

Balances inbound and outbound connections to applications or service endpoints.

Azure Application Gateway

Optimizes app server farm delivery while increasing application security.

Azure VPN Gateway

Accesses Azure Virtual Networks through high-performance VPN gateways.

Azure DNS

Provides ultra-fast DNS responses and ultra-high domain availability.

Azure Content Delivery Network

Delivers high-bandwidth content to customers globally.

Azure DDoS Protection

Protects Azure-hosted applications from distributed denial of service (DDOS) attacks.

Azure Traffic Manager

Distributes network traffic across Azure regions worldwide.

Azure ExpressRoute

Connects to Azure over high-bandwidth dedicated secure connections.

Azure Network Watcher

Monitors and diagnoses network issues by using scenario-based analysis.

Azure Firewall

Implements high-security, high-availability firewall with unlimited scalability.

Azure Virtual WAN

Creates a unified wide area network (WAN) that connects local and remote sites.

Storage

Azure provides four main types of storage services.

Azure Blob storage

Storage service for very large objects, such as video files or bitmaps.

Azure File storage

File shares that can be accessed and managed like a file server.

Azure Queue storage

A data store for queuing and reliably delivering messages between applications.

Azure Table storage

Table storage is a service that stores non-relational structured data (also known as structured NoSQL data) in the cloud, providing a key/attribute store with a schemaless design.

These services all share several common characteristics:

Durable and highly available with redundancy and replication.
Secure through automatic encryption and role-based access control.
Scalable with virtually unlimited storage.
Managed, handling maintenance and any critical problems for you.
Accessible from anywhere in the world over HTTP or HTTPS.

Mobile

With Azure, developers can create mobile back-end services for iOS, Android, and Windows apps quickly and easily. Features that used to take time and increase project risks, such as adding corporate sign-in and then connecting to on-premises resources such as SAP, Oracle, SQL Server, and SharePoint, are now simple to include.

Other features of this service include:

Offline data synchronization.
Connectivity to on-premises data.
Broadcasting push notifications.
Autoscaling to match business needs.

Databases

Azure provides multiple database services to store a wide variety of data types and volumes. And with global connectivity, this data is available to users instantly.

Azure Cosmos DB

Globally distributed database that supports NoSQL options.

Azure SQL Database

Fully managed relational database with auto-scale, integral intelligence, and robust security.

Azure Database for MySQL

Fully managed and scalable MySQL relational database with high availability and security.

Azure Database for PostgreSQL

Fully managed and scalable PostgreSQL relational database with high availability and security.

SQL Server on Azure Virtual Machines

Service that hosts enterprise SQL Server apps in the cloud.

Azure Synapse Analytics

Fully managed data warehouse with integral security at every level of scale at no extra cost.

Azure Database Migration Service

Service that migrates databases to the cloud with no application code changes.

Azure Cache for Redis

Fully managed service caches frequently used and static data to reduce data and application latency.

Azure Database for MariaDB

Fully managed and scalable MariaDB relational database with high availability and security.

Web

Having a great web experience is critical in today's business world. Azure includes first-class support to build and host web apps and HTTP-based web services. The following Azure services are focused on web hosting.

Azure App Service

Quickly create powerful cloud web-based apps.

Azure Notification Hubs

Send push notifications to any platform from any back end.

Azure API Management

Publish APIs to developers, partners, and employees securely and at scale.

Azure Cognitive Search

Deploy this fully managed search as a service.

Web Apps feature of Azure App Service

Create and deploy mission-critical web apps at scale.

Azure SignalR Service

Add real-time web functionalities easily.

IoT

People are able to access more information than ever before. Personal digital assistants led to smartphones, and now there are smart watches, smart thermostats, and even smart refrigerators. Personal computers used to be the norm. Now the internet allows any item that's online-capable to access valuable information. This ability for devices to garner and then relay information for data analysis is referred to as IoT.

Many services can assist and drive end-to-end solutions for IoT on Azure.

IoT Central

Fully managed global IoT software as a service (SaaS) solution that makes it easy to connect, monitor, and manage IoT assets at scale.

Azure IoT Hub

Messaging hub that provides secure communications between and monitoring of millions of IoT devices.

IoT Edge

Fully managed service that allows data analysis models to be pushed directly onto IoT devices, which allows them to react quickly to state changes without needing to consult cloud-based AI models.

Big data

Data comes in all formats and sizes. When we talk about big data, we're referring to large volumes of data. Data from weather systems, communications systems, genomic research, imaging platforms, and many other scenarios generate hundreds of gigabytes of data. This amount of data makes it hard to analyze and make decisions. It's often so large that traditional forms of processing and analysis are no longer appropriate.

Open-source cluster technologies have been developed to deal with these large data sets. Azure supports a broad range of technologies and services to provide big data and analytic solutions.

Azure Synapse Analytics

Run analytics at a massive scale by using a cloud-based enterprise data warehouse that takes advantage of massively parallel processing to run complex queries quickly across petabytes of data.

Azure HDInsight

Process massive amounts of data with managed clusters of Hadoop clusters in the cloud.

Azure Databricks

Integrate this collaborative Apache Spark-based analytics service with other big data services in Azure.

AI

AI, in the context of cloud computing, is based around a broad range of services, the core of which is machine learning. Machine learning is a data science technique that allows computers to use existing data to forecast future behaviors, outcomes, and trends. Using machine learning, computers learn without being explicitly programmed.

Forecasts or predictions from machine learning can make apps and devices smarter. For example, when you shop online, machine learning helps recommend other products you might like based on what you've purchased. Or when your credit card is swiped, machine learning compares the transaction to a database of transactions and helps detect fraud. And when your robot vacuum cleaner vacuums a room, machine learning helps it decide whether the job is done.

Here are some of the most common AI and machine learning service types in Azure.

Azure Machine Learning Service

Cloud-based environment you can use to develop, train, test, deploy, manage, and track machine learning models. It can auto-generate a model and auto-tune it for you. It will let you start training on your local machine, and then scale out to the cloud.

Azure ML Studio

Collaborative visual workspace where you can build, test, and deploy machine learning solutions by using prebuilt machine learning algorithms and data-handling modules.

A closely related set of products are the cognitive services. You can use these prebuilt APIs in your applications to solve complex problems.

Vision

Use image-processing algorithms to smartly identify, caption, index, and moderate your pictures and videos.

Speech

Convert spoken audio into text, use voice for verification, or add speaker recognition to your app.

Knowledge mapping

Map complex information and data to solve tasks such as intelligent recommendations and semantic search.

Bing Search

Add Bing Search APIs to your apps and harness the ability to comb billions of webpages, images, videos, and news with a single API call.

Natural Language processing

Allow your apps to process natural language with prebuilt scripts, evaluate sentiment, and learn how to recognize what users want.

DevOps

DevOps brings together people, processes, and technology by automating software delivery to provide continuous value to your users. With Azure DevOps, you can create build and release pipelines that provide continuous integration, delivery, and deployment for your applications. You can integrate repositories and application tests, perform application monitoring, and work with build artifacts. You can also work with and backlog items for tracking, automate infrastructure deployment, and integrate a range of third-party tools and services such as Jenkins and Chef. All of these functions and many more are closely integrated with Azure to allow for consistent, repeatable deployments for your applications to provide streamlined build and release processes.

Azure DevOps

Use development collaboration tools such as high-performance pipelines, free private Git repositories, configurable Kanban boards, and extensive automated and cloud-based load testing. Formerly known as Visual Studio Team Services.

Azure DevTest Labs

Quickly create on-demand Windows and Linux environments to test or demo applications directly from deployment pipelines.