저번에 라즈베리파이에 칼리리눅스를 설치해보고 어떤 프로그램들이 있는지 정리해보려다가 생각보다 너무 많아서..!! 주요 프로그램들을 먼저 정리해보려고 합니다.
그 중에서는 먼저 nmap 입니다.
네트워크 스캐닝 툴로, 대상(target)의 포트 및 서비스를 스캔하는데 사용되는 툴 입니다.
칼리 리눅스를 설치하면 기본적으로 설치가 되어있지만, 다른 경우에는 직접 설치가 필요합니다.
| OS | 설치방법 |
|---|---|
| Windows | https://nmap.org/download.html#windows 에서 exe 파일 다운로드 |
| Debian 계열 | 터미널에서 sudo apt-get install nmap 명령어 입력 |
| CentOS 계열 | 터미널에서 sudo yum install nmap 명령어 입력 |
| macOS | https://nmap.org/download.html#macosx 에서 pkg 파일 다운로드 |
설치가 완료된 경우 터미널 환경에서 nmap 을 입력하면 실행할 수 있습니다.
┌──(kali㉿kali-raspberry-pi)-[~]
└─$ nmap
Nmap 7.94SVN ( https://nmap.org )
Usage: nmap [Scan Type(s)] [Options] {target specification}
TARGET SPECIFICATION:
Can pass hostnames, IP addresses, networks, etc.
Ex: scanme.nmap.org, microsoft.com/24, 192.168.0.1; 10.0.0-255.1-254
-iL <inputfilename>: Input from list of hosts/networks
-iR <num hosts>: Choose random targets
--exclude <host1[,host2][,host3],...>: Exclude hosts/networks
--excludefile <exclude_file>: Exclude list from file
HOST DISCOVERY:
-sL: List Scan - simply list targets to scan
-sn: Ping Scan - disable port scan
-Pn: Treat all hosts as online -- skip host discovery
-PS/PA/PU/PY[portlist]: TCP SYN/ACK, UDP or SCTP discovery to given ports
-PE/PP/PM: ICMP echo, timestamp, and netmask request discovery probes
-PO[protocol list]: IP Protocol Ping
-n/-R: Never do DNS resolution/Always resolve [default: sometimes]
--dns-servers <serv1[,serv2],...>: Specify custom DNS servers
--system-dns: Use OS's DNS resolver
--traceroute: Trace hop path to each host
SCAN TECHNIQUES:
-sS/sT/sA/sW/sM: TCP SYN/Connect()/ACK/Window/Maimon scans
-sU: UDP Scan
-sN/sF/sX: TCP Null, FIN, and Xmas scans
--scanflags <flags>: Customize TCP scan flags
-sI <zombie host[:probeport]>: Idle scan
-sY/sZ: SCTP INIT/COOKIE-ECHO scans
-sO: IP protocol scan
-b <FTP relay host>: FTP bounce scan
PORT SPECIFICATION AND SCAN ORDER:
-p <port ranges>: Only scan specified ports
Ex: -p22; -p1-65535; -p U:53,111,137,T:21-25,80,139,8080,S:9
--exclude-ports <port ranges>: Exclude the specified ports from scanning
-F: Fast mode - Scan fewer ports than the default scan
-r: Scan ports sequentially - don't randomize
--top-ports <number>: Scan <number> most common ports
--port-ratio <ratio>: Scan ports more common than <ratio>
SERVICE/VERSION DETECTION:
-sV: Probe open ports to determine service/version info
--version-intensity <level>: Set from 0 (light) to 9 (try all probes)
--version-light: Limit to most likely probes (intensity 2)
--version-all: Try every single probe (intensity 9)
--version-trace: Show detailed version scan activity (for debugging)
SCRIPT SCAN:
-sC: equivalent to --script=default
--script=<Lua scripts>: <Lua scripts> is a comma separated list of
directories, script-files or script-categories
--script-args=<n1=v1,[n2=v2,...]>: provide arguments to scripts
--script-args-file=filename: provide NSE script args in a file
--script-trace: Show all data sent and received
--script-updatedb: Update the script database.
--script-help=<Lua scripts>: Show help about scripts.
<Lua scripts> is a comma-separated list of script-files or
script-categories.
OS DETECTION:
-O: Enable OS detection
--osscan-limit: Limit OS detection to promising targets
--osscan-guess: Guess OS more aggressively
TIMING AND PERFORMANCE:
Options which take <time> are in seconds, or append 'ms' (milliseconds),
's' (seconds), 'm' (minutes), or 'h' (hours) to the value (e.g. 30m).
-T<0-5>: Set timing template (higher is faster)
--min-hostgroup/max-hostgroup <size>: Parallel host scan group sizes
--min-parallelism/max-parallelism <numprobes>: Probe parallelization
--min-rtt-timeout/max-rtt-timeout/initial-rtt-timeout <time>: Specifies
probe round trip time.
--max-retries <tries>: Caps number of port scan probe retransmissions.
--host-timeout <time>: Give up on target after this long
--scan-delay/--max-scan-delay <time>: Adjust delay between probes
--min-rate <number>: Send packets no slower than <number> per second
--max-rate <number>: Send packets no faster than <number> per second
FIREWALL/IDS EVASION AND SPOOFING:
-f; --mtu <val>: fragment packets (optionally w/given MTU)
-D <decoy1,decoy2[,ME],...>: Cloak a scan with decoys
-S <IP_Address>: Spoof source address
-e <iface>: Use specified interface
-g/--source-port <portnum>: Use given port number
--proxies <url1,[url2],...>: Relay connections through HTTP/SOCKS4 proxies
--data <hex string>: Append a custom payload to sent packets
--data-string <string>: Append a custom ASCII string to sent packets
--data-length <num>: Append random data to sent packets
--ip-options <options>: Send packets with specified ip options
--ttl <val>: Set IP time-to-live field
--spoof-mac <mac address/prefix/vendor name>: Spoof your MAC address
--badsum: Send packets with a bogus TCP/UDP/SCTP checksum
OUTPUT:
-oN/-oX/-oS/-oG <file>: Output scan in normal, XML, s|<rIpt kIddi3,
and Grepable format, respectively, to the given filename.
-oA <basename>: Output in the three major formats at once
-v: Increase verbosity level (use -vv or more for greater effect)
-d: Increase debugging level (use -dd or more for greater effect)
--reason: Display the reason a port is in a particular state
--open: Only show open (or possibly open) ports
--packet-trace: Show all packets sent and received
--iflist: Print host interfaces and routes (for debugging)
--append-output: Append to rather than clobber specified output files
--resume <filename>: Resume an aborted scan
--noninteractive: Disable runtime interactions via keyboard
--stylesheet <path/URL>: XSL stylesheet to transform XML output to HTML
--webxml: Reference stylesheet from Nmap.Org for more portable XML
--no-stylesheet: Prevent associating of XSL stylesheet w/XML output
MISC:
-6: Enable IPv6 scanning
-A: Enable OS detection, version detection, script scanning, and traceroute
--datadir <dirname>: Specify custom Nmap data file location
--send-eth/--send-ip: Send using raw ethernet frames or IP packets
--privileged: Assume that the user is fully privileged
--unprivileged: Assume the user lacks raw socket privileges
-V: Print version number
-h: Print this help summary page.
EXAMPLES:
nmap -v -A scanme.nmap.org
nmap -v -sn 192.168.0.0/16 10.0.0.0/8
nmap -v -iR 10000 -Pn -p 80
SEE THE MAN PAGE (https://nmap.org/book/man.html) FOR MORE OPTIONS AND EXAMPLES
nmap 명령어 뒤에 옵션을 붙여 사용하면 됩니다.
공격 대상(target)이 192.168.0.1 이라고 가정하고, 옵션을 설명해보도록 하겠습니다.
nmap -sS 192.168.0.1
SYN-ACK를 활용해 열린 포트를 체크합니다. 비교적 빠른 스캔이 가능합니다.
nmap -sT 192.168.0.1
TCP 연결 스캔은 SYN 스캔보다 정확하지만 더 느립니다. 마찬가지로 포트 스캔을 수행합니다.
nmap -sU 192.168.0.1
UDP 포트 스캐닝을 수행합니다.
nmap -p 1-100 192.168.0.1
특정 포트 또는 포트 범위를 스캔합니다. 위의 경우 1부터 100까지의 포트를 스캔합니다.
nmap -A 192.168.0.1
액티브 OS 감지, 버전 감지 및 스크립트 스캐닝과 같은 다양한 스캐닝 기술을 사용하여 보다 포괄적인 스캔을 수행합니다.
nmap -O 192.168.0.1
대상의 운영 체제를 감지할 수 있습니다.
nmap -sV 192.168.0.1
스캔된 포트의 서비스 및 버전 정보를 표시합니다.
nmap -v 192.168.0.1
자세한 출력을 표시합니다. 캔 진행 상황을 실시간으로 확인할 수 있습니다.
nmap -iL targets.txt
타겟 호스트 목록이 포함된 텍스트 파일을 사용하여 대량 스캐닝을 수행합니다.
nmap -T <0-5> 192.168.0.1
스캔 속도를 조정하는 데 사용됩니다. 0이 가장 느리고 5가 가장 빠릅니다.
내부 네트워크에 있는 ipTIME 공유기와 LG TV에 nmap을 통해 스캐닝을 해보았습니다.
(MAC Address 같은 경우는 보안으로 인해 일부 마스킹처리 하였습니다.)
┌──(root㉿kali-raspberry-pi)-[/home/kali]
└─# nmap -sT -O -sV 192.168.0.1
Starting Nmap 7.94SVN ( https://nmap.org ) at 2024-02-21 21:41 KST
Nmap scan report for 192.168.0.1
Host is up (0.00087s latency).
Not shown: 997 filtered tcp ports (no-response)
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
80/tcp open http Boa httpd
8080/tcp closed http-proxy
62078/tcp closed iphone-sync
MAC Address: 58:86:94:**:**:** (EFM Networks)
Aggressive OS guesses: Linux 3.2 - 4.9 (98%), Linux 3.10 - 4.11 (94%), OpenWrt Chaos Calmer 15.05 (Linux 3.18) or Designated Driver (Linux 4.1 or 4.4) (94%), Linux 4.10 (94%), Android 5.0 - 6.0.1 (Linux 3.4) (94%), Linux 3.2 - 3.16 (94%), DD-WRT v3.0 (Linux 4.4.2) (93%), Linux 4.5 (93%), Linux 4.4 (93%), DD-WRT (Linux 3.18) (93%)
No exact OS matches for host (test conditions non-ideal).
Network Distance: 1 hop
OS and Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 17.24 seconds
| Port | State | Service | Version |
|---|---|---|---|
| 80/tcp | open | http | Boa httpd |
| 8080/tcp | closed | http-proxy | |
| 62078/tcp | closed | iphone-sync |
┌──(root㉿kali-raspberry-pi)-[/home/kali]
└─# nmap -sT -O -sV 192.168.0.32
Starting Nmap 7.94SVN ( https://nmap.org ) at 2024-02-21 21:48 KST
Nmap scan report for 192.168.0.32
Host is up (0.0020s latency).
Not shown: 995 closed tcp ports (conn-refused)
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
1723/tcp open upnp LG WebOS upnpd (WebOS 4.1.0; UPnP 1.0)
3000/tcp open http LG smart TV http service
3001/tcp open ssl/http LG smart TV http service
7000/tcp open rtsp AirTunes rtspd 377.25.06
11111/tcp open vce?
MAC Address: 64:CC:22:**:**:** (Arcadyan)
Device type: general purpose
Running: Linux 3.X|4.X
OS CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:3 cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:4
OS details: Linux 3.2 - 4.9
Network Distance: 1 hop
Service Info: Device: media device
OS and Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 183.21 seconds
| Port | State | Service | Version |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1723/tcp | open | upnp | LG WebOS upnpd (WebOS 4.1.0; UPnP 1.0) |
| 3000/tcp | open | http | LG smart TV http service |
| 3001/tcp | open | ssl/http | LG smart TV https service |
| 7000/tcp | open | rtsp | AirTunes rtspd 377.25.06 |
| 11111/tcp | open | vce? |