fdisk & gdisk
scsi type의 1GB 디스크 2개 추가
SATA/SAS/SCSI - /dev/sd
IDE - /dev/hd
Virtual Disk - /dev/vd__
@@VM으로 실습
> scsi type의 1GB 디스크 2개 추가
[root@localhost etc]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 1G 0 disk -- this one!!
sdb 8:16 0 1G 0 disk -- this one!!
vda 252:0 0 20G 0 disk
├─vda1 252:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─vda2 252:2 0 19G 0 part
├─cl-root 253:0 0 17G 0 lvm /
└─cl-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP]
fdisk
partition type
- primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free) partition
- extended partition => logical partition 생성
[root@localhost etc]# fdisk /dev/sda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x280ab957.
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
g create a new empty GPT partition table
G create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x280ab957
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-2097151, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-2097151, default 2097151): +300M
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 300 MiB is set
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x280ab957
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 2048 616447 307200 83 Linux
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (2-4, default 2): 2
First sector (616448-2097151, default 616448):
Using default value 616448
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (616448-2097151, default 2097151): +400M
Partition 2 of type Linux and of size 400 MiB is set
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x280ab957
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 2048 616447 307200 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 616448 1435647 409600 83 Linux
Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1,2, default 2): 2
Partition 2 is deleted
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x280ab957
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 2048 616447 307200 83 Linux
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
e extended
Select (default p): e
Partition number (2-4, default 2): 2
First sector (616448-2097151, default 616448):
Using default value 616448
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (616448-2097151, default 2097151):
Using default value 2097151
Partition 2 of type Extended and of size 723 MiB is set
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x280ab957
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 2048 616447 307200 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 616448 2097151 740352 5 Extended
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (1 primary, 1 extended, 2 free)
l logical (numbered from 5)
Select (default p): l
Adding logical partition 5
First sector (618496-2097151, default 618496):
Using default value 618496
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (618496-2097151, default 2097151): +200M
Partition 5 of type Linux and of size 200 MiB is set
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x280ab957
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 2048 616447 307200 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 616448 2097151 740352 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 618496 1028095 204800 83 Linux
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (1 primary, 1 extended, 2 free)
l logical (numbered from 5)
Select (default p): l
Adding logical partition 6
First sector (1030144-2097151, default 1030144):
Using default value 1030144
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (1030144-2097151, default 2097151): +400M
Partition 6 of type Linux and of size 400 MiB is set
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x280ab957
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 2048 616447 307200 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 616448 2097151 740352 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 618496 1028095 204800 83 Linux
/dev/sda6 1030144 1849343 409600 83 Linux
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
> lsblk 로 파티션 생성됨을 확인
[root@localhost etc]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 1G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 300M 0 part
├─sda2 8:2 0 1K 0 part
├─sda5 8:5 0 200M 0 part
└─sda6 8:6 0 400M 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 1G 0 disk
vda 252:0 0 20G 0 disk
├─vda1 252:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─vda2 252:2 0 19G 0 part
├─cl-root 253:0 0 17G 0 lvm /
└─cl-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP]
parted
[root@localhost etc]# gdisk /dev/sdb
GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.8.6
Partition table scan:
MBR: not present
BSD: not present
APM: not present
GPT: not present
Creating new GPT entries.
Command (? for help): ?
b back up GPT data to a file
c change a partition's name
d delete a partition
i show detailed information on a partition
l list known partition types
n add a new partition
o create a new empty GUID partition table (GPT)
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
r recovery and transformation options (experts only)
s sort partitions
t change a partition's type code
v verify disk
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
? print this menu
Command (? for help): q
[root@localhost etc]# clear
[root@localhost etc]# parted /dev/sdb
GNU Parted 3.1
Using /dev/sdb
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) help
align-check TYPE N check partition N for TYPE(min|opt) alignment
help [COMMAND] print general help, or help on COMMAND
mklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE create a new disklabel (partition table)
mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END make a partition
name NUMBER NAME name partition NUMBER as NAME
print [devices|free|list,all|NUMBER] display the partition table, available devices, free space, all found
partitions, or a particular partition
quit exit program
rescue START END rescue a lost partition near START and END
rm NUMBER delete partition NUMBER
select DEVICE choose the device to edit
disk_set FLAG STATE change the FLAG on selected device
disk_toggle [FLAG] toggle the state of FLAG on selected device
set NUMBER FLAG STATE change the FLAG on partition NUMBER
toggle [NUMBER [FLAG]] toggle the state of FLAG on partition NUMBER
unit UNIT set the default unit to UNIT
version display the version number and copyright information of GNU Parted
(parted) p
Error: /dev/sdb: unrecognised disk label
Model: QEMU QEMU HARDDISK (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 1074MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: unknown
Disk Flags:
(parted) mkpart
Error: /dev/sdb: unrecognised disk label
(parted) mkpart primary 0% 300M
Error: /dev/sdb: unrecognised disk label
(parted) mklabel msdos
(parted) p
Model: QEMU QEMU HARDDISK (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 1074MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
(parted) mklabel gpt
Warning: The existing disk label on /dev/sdb will be destroyed and all data on this disk will be lost. Do you
want to continue?
Yes/No? yes
(parted) p
Model: QEMU QEMU HARDDISK (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 1074MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
(parted) mkpart primary 301M 100%
(parted) p
Model: QEMU QEMU HARDDISK (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 1074MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 301MB 1073MB 772MB primary
(parted) mkpart primary 0% 300M
(parted) p
Model: QEMU QEMU HARDDISK (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 1074MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
2 1049kB 300MB 299MB primary
1 301MB 1073MB 772MB primary
(parted) rm 1
(parted) p
Model: QEMU QEMU HARDDISK (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 1074MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
2 1049kB 300MB 299MB primary
(parted) q
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.
[root@localhost etc]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 1G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 300M 0 part
├─sda2 8:2 0 1K 0 part
├─sda5 8:5 0 200M 0 part
└─sda6 8:6 0 400M 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 1G 0 disk
└─sdb2 8:18 0 285M 0 part
vda 252:0 0 20G 0 disk
├─vda1 252:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─vda2 252:2 0 19G 0 part
├─cl-root 253:0 0 17G 0 lvm /
└─cl-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP]
[root@localhost etc]# lsblk -f
NAME FSTYPE LABEL UUID MOUNTPOINT
sda
├─sda1
├─sda2
├─sda5
└─sda6
sdb
└─sdb2
vda
├─vda1 xfs 0cab009d-2c67-4dc9-a881-c5efde97ed56 /boot
└─vda2 LVM2_member CFDwnt-NM58-A0Gj-sTQy-iCPE-EsRc-iqIAyb
├─cl-root xfs 999a2a08-42a2-4cbc-a52c-3544d87d2897 /
└─cl-swap swap faab5b3c-984a-4a82-a139-92d1b706f013 [SWAP]
[root@localhost etc]# mkfs -t xfs /dev/sda1
meta-data=/dev/sda1 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=19200 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=76800, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=855, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@localhost etc]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sda5
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Discarding device blocks: done
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=1024 (log=0)
Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
51200 inodes, 204800 blocks
10240 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=1
Maximum filesystem blocks=33816576
25 block groups
8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
2048 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (4096 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
[root@localhost etc]# lsblk -f
NAME FSTYPE LABEL UUID MOUNTPOINT
sda
├─sda1 xfs 243550a7-03de-42be-a6f4-726a8ea2a6ce
├─sda2
├─sda5 ext4 571a7ee6-2340-4337-8741-10aae94af0fb
└─sda6
sdb
└─sdb2
vda
├─vda1 xfs 0cab009d-2c67-4dc9-a881-c5efde97ed56 /boot
└─vda2 LVM2_member CFDwnt-NM58-A0Gj-sTQy-iCPE-EsRc-iqIAyb
├─cl-root xfs 999a2a08-42a2-4cbc-a52c-3544d87d2897 /
└─cl-swap swap faab5b3c-984a-4a82-a139-92d1b706f013 [SWAP]mount
[root@localhost etc]# mkdir /white /black
[root@localhost etc]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 1G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 300M 0 part
├─sda2 8:2 0 1K 0 part
├─sda5 8:5 0 200M 0 part
└─sda6 8:6 0 400M 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 1G 0 disk
└─sdb2 8:18 0 285M 0 part
vda 252:0 0 20G 0 disk
├─vda1 252:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─vda2 252:2 0 19G 0 part
├─cl-root 253:0 0 17G 0 lvm /
└─cl-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP]
[root@localhost etc]# lsblk -f
NAME FSTYPE LABEL UUID MOUNTPOINT
sda
├─sda1 xfs 243550a7-03de-42be-a6f4-726a8ea2a6ce
├─sda2
├─sda5 ext4 571a7ee6-2340-4337-8741-10aae94af0fb
└─sda6
sdb
└─sdb2
vda
├─vda1 xfs 0cab009d-2c67-4dc9-a881-c5efde97ed56 /boot
└─vda2 LVM2_member CFDwnt-NM58-A0Gj-sTQy-iCPE-EsRc-iqIAyb
├─cl-root xfs 999a2a08-42a2-4cbc-a52c-3544d87d2897 /
└─cl-swap swap faab5b3c-984a-4a82-a139-92d1b706f013 [SWAP]
[root@localhost etc]# mount /dev/sda1 /white
[root@localhost etc]# mount /dev/sda5 /black
[root@localhost etc]# lsblk -f
NAME FSTYPE LABEL UUID MOUNTPOINT
sda
├─sda1 xfs 243550a7-03de-42be-a6f4-726a8ea2a6ce /white
├─sda2
├─sda5 ext4 571a7ee6-2340-4337-8741-10aae94af0fb /black
└─sda6
sdb
└─sdb2
vda
├─vda1 xfs 0cab009d-2c67-4dc9-a881-c5efde97ed56 /boot
└─vda2 LVM2_member CFDwnt-NM58-A0Gj-sTQy-iCPE-EsRc-iqIAyb
├─cl-root xfs 999a2a08-42a2-4cbc-a52c-3544d87d2897 /
└─cl-swap swap faab5b3c-984a-4a82-a139-92d1b706f013 [SWAP]
> lsblk -f와 동일하게 확인 가능
[root@localhost etc]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/cl-root 17G 4.7G 13G 28% /
devtmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev
tmpfs 2.0G 144K 2.0G 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 2.0G 9.0M 2.0G 1% /run
tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vda1 1014M 157M 858M 16% /boot
tmpfs 396M 4.0K 396M 1% /run/user/42
tmpfs 396M 20K 396M 1% /run/user/0
tmpfs 396M 0 396M 0% /run/user/1001
tmpfs 396M 0 396M 0% /run/user/1000
/dev/sda1 297M 16M 282M 6% /white
/dev/sda5 190M 1.6M 175M 1% /black
[root@localhost etc]# vi /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Thu Apr 13 10:19:58 2023
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/cl-root / xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=0cab009d-2c67-4dc9-a881-c5efde97ed56 /boot xfs defaults 0 0
/dev/mapper/cl-swap swap swap defaults 0 0
/dev/sda1 /white xfs defaults 0 0
/dev/sda5 /black ext4 defaults 0 1
~
~
~
[root@localhost etc]# mount -a
[root@localhost etc]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/cl-root 17G 4.7G 13G 28% /
devtmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev
tmpfs 2.0G 144K 2.0G 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 2.0G 9.0M 2.0G 1% /run
tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vda1 1014M 157M 858M 16% /boot
tmpfs 396M 4.0K 396M 1% /run/user/42
tmpfs 396M 20K 396M 1% /run/user/0
tmpfs 396M 0 396M 0% /run/user/1001
tmpfs 396M 0 396M 0% /run/user/1000
/dev/sda1 297M 16M 282M 6% /white
/dev/sda5 190M 1.6M 175M 1% /black
[root@localhost ~]# reboot
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/cl-root 17G 4.7G 13G 28% /
devtmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev
tmpfs 2.0G 160K 2.0G 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 2.0G 8.9M 2.0G 1% /run
tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vda1 1014M 157M 858M 16% /boot
/dev/sda1 297M 16M 282M 6% /white
/dev/sda5 190M 1.6M 175M 1% /black
tmpfs 396M 8.0K 396M 1% /run/user/42
tmpfs 396M 12K 396M 1% /run/user/0
study log